甘肃兴隆山野生马麝夏季卧息生境选择

Summer bed-site habitat utilization of wild alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster)in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province of China

生境是野生动物的栖息基底,卧息地是动物生境利用中的重要构成,野生动物对卧息地的选择和利用与其繁殖成功率和种群动态关系密切。为确定野生马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)夏季卧息地的生境特征,于2021年7月1日至8月25日期间对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区的马麝夏季卧息地生境选择进行研究。共记录52个卧息地生境样地和157个对照样地,测定其中的海拔及郁闭度等16个生境变量,采用Vanderploeg-Scavia选择指数法分析马麝对卧息地生境变量的偏好性,并比较卧息生境样地和对照样地的差异。结果表明:(1)甘肃兴隆山保护区野生马麝的夏季卧息地生境的坡度适中(38.04°±0.76°)、郁闭度较大(58.75%±2.66%)、乔木较高(22.35±1.56 m)和较密(16.85±0.96株)及倒木较多(0.38±0.08个)。(2)马麝夏季卧息地多处于北坡、上坡位、隐蔽度较强、距水源较近、干扰较弱的针叶林及针阔混交林,并多以青海云杉和白桦为优势植物。(3)影响野生马麝夏季卧息生境选择的重要变量主要是乔木数、乔木郁闭度、倒木数和坡度,其夏季卧息地生境的判别正确率为90%。野生马麝夏季的卧息生境特征综合反映了马麝对食物资源、安全及温度调节的生态需求。

Habitats are ecological bases for wild animals.Bed-site is an important component of their habitats’uti-lization,which is closely related to successful reproduction and population dynamics.To understand the characteris-tics of bed-site habitats for wild alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster),we examined their selection and utiliza-tion of summer bed-site in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve from July 1 to August 25 in 2021.A total of 52 bed-site and 157 non-used plots were recorded,and 16 habitat parameters including elevation and canopy were measured.The Vanderploeg-Scavia selection index was used to analyze the bed-site preferences and the differences of habitat parameters between used plots and non-used plots.The results showed that:(1)Alpine musk deer pre-ferred to use habitats with medium slope(38.04°±0.76°),dense canopy(58.75%±2.66%),high tree(22.35±1.56 m),high stand density(16.85±0.96 trees per plot),and more fallen trees(0.38±0.08 trees per plot)as their bed-sites in summer;(2)The bed-sites were in upper position of northern slope with good conceal-ment condition,close to water sources,less disturbed coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved for-ests,with Qinghai spruce(Picea crassifolia)and birch(Betula platyphylla)as the dominant species;(3)Tree abundance,tree canopy,fallen tree abundance,and slope were the main factors affecting the bed-site utilization of alpine musk deer in summer,with a 90%discriminant accuracy.Thus,the bed-sites’characteristics of wild alpine musk deer in summer reflect their ecological demands of food resources,security,and temperature adaptability.