回授法健康教育模式在乳腺癌术后PICC带管出院患者护理中的应用

Application of the health education model of the teach-back method in the nursing of patients discharged from the hospital with PICC tubes after breast cancer surgery

目的 探讨回授法健康教育模式在乳腺癌术后PICC带管出院患者护理中的应用效果。方法 选择2019年1月—2022年5月医院收治的乳腺癌术后置入PICC导管化疗患者140例作为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组70例。对照组患者采用发放相关手册、集中护理宣教PICC护理操作流程等常规性健康教育方式,观察组在对照组基础上运用回授法进行健康宣教。比较两组患者干预前后PICC导管自我管理能力、并发症发生情况、患者满意度和导管留置时间。结果干预前,两组患者健康知识掌握、自我监测、自我护理技能评分的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);实施回授法健康教育模式干预后,观察组患者健康知识掌握、自我监测、自我护理技能得分高于对照组;PICC相关并发症发生率低于对照组;患者满意率高于对照组;PICC导管留置时间长于对照组。组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 回授法健康教育模式能够提高乳腺癌术后PICC带管出院患者的自我管理能力,降低患者带管出院的并发症发生率,延长PICC置管时间,提高患者满意度。

Objective To explore the application eff ect of the health education model of the teach-back method in the nursing care of patients discharged from the hospital with tubes in the PICC after breast cancer surgery.Methods 140 patients admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to May 2022 who were placed in the PICC catheter for chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery were selected as the study object,they were divided into an observation group and a control group in accordance with the principle that the basic characteristics between the groups were comparable,with 70 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were educated by the routine health education methods such as distributing the relevant manuals and centralised nursing education on the operation procedures of PICC nursing,while the observation group was educated by the teach-back method on the basis of the control group.Comparison of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention PICC catheter self-management ability,complications,patient satisfaction and catheter retention time.Results Before the intervention,there was no statistically signifi cant diff erence in the scores of health knowledge,selfmonitoring and self-care skills between the two groups(P>0.05);after the implementation of the teach-back method,the scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those of the control group;the incidence of PICC-related complications was lower than that of the control group;and the patient satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group;The PICC catheter retention time was longer than that of the control group.The diff erences were statistically signifi cant when compared between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education model of teach-back method can improve the self-management ability of patients discharged with PICC catheter after breast cancer surgery,reduce the complication rate of patients discharged with catheter,prolong the time of PICC catheter placement and improve the satisfaction of patients.