云南楚雄和丽江烟叶关键质量指标筛选及分类研究

Screening and classification of key quality indexes of tobacco leaves from Chuxiong and Lijiang in Yunnan Province

【目的】探索表征云南烟叶质量的关键指标,并明确各指标在不同质量档次烟叶中的差异。【方法】针对楚雄和丽江烟叶,采用唯一差别原则制备不同外观特征样品,进行外观和感官质量评价,以及常规化学成分和代谢组测定。采用随机森林分析筛选影响烟叶质量的关键质量指标,并以此对烟叶样品进行聚类分析。【结果】(1)筛选出12个关键质量指标:品牌符合度、香气质、杂气、叶片结构、身份、油分、淀粉、总糖、总氮、酚酸、高级脂肪酸和氨基酸;(2)将烟叶样品分为3个质量类别:类1烟叶杂气较轻,香气质中偏上,品牌符合度好,叶片结构疏松性较好,身份中等,总糖含量较高,总氮和酚酸、高级脂肪酸、氨基酸类代谢产物含量较低;类3烟叶杂气有,香气质中等,品牌符合度一般,叶片结构疏松性最差,身份稍厚,总糖含量较低,总氮和酚酸、高级脂肪酸、氨基酸类代谢产物含量较高;类2烟叶绝大多数指标介于类1和类3之间;(3)叶片结构、身份和总糖与烟叶质量呈正相关,总氮和酚酸、高级脂肪酸、氨基酸类代谢产物含量与烟叶质量呈负相关。【结论】本研究结果明确了楚雄和丽江烟叶生产、收购、加工和配方应用等环节需重点关注的指标,为提高烟叶质量和工业适用性奠定基础。

[Objective]This study aims to explore the key quality indexes of Yunnan tobacco leaf and to clarify the difference of these quality indexes in tobacco leaf in different quality categories.[Methods]The tobacco leaf samples with different appearance characteristics were prepared by the unique difference principle for Chuxiong and Lijiang Tobacco,then appearance quality evaluation,sensory quality evaluation,conventional chemical composition detection and metabolome determination were carried out.The key quality indexes of tobacco leaf were screened by random forest analysis,and the cluster analysis of tobacco leaf samples was carried out.[Results](1)A total of 12 key quality indexes were selected,including brand conformity,aroma,impurity,leaf structure,identity,oil content,starch,total sugar,total nitrogen,phenolic acids,advanced fatty acids and amino acids;(2)Tobacco leaf samples were divided into three quality categories.In category 1,tobacco leaves have light impurity,above-average aroma,good brand conformity,good leaf structure loose,medium status,high total sugar content,low contents of total nitrogen and phenolic acids,advanced fatty acids,amino acid metabolites.In category 3 tobacco leaves have impurity,medium aroma,general brand compliance,the worst loose leaf structure,slightly thick identity,low total sugar content,and high contents of total nitrogen and phenolic acids,advanced fatty acids,amino acid metabolites.In category2,most quality indexes of tobacco leaves are between category 1 and category 3;(3)Leaf structure,identity and total sugar were positively correlated with leaf quality,while the contents of total nitrogen,phenolic acids,advanced fatty acids and amino acid metabolites were negatively correlated with tobacco leaf quality.[Conclusion]This study clarified the key indexes for the production,purchase,processing and formulation application of tobacco leaves in Chuxiong and Lijiang,laying a foundation for improving the quality and industrial applicability of tobacco leaves.