平流层爆发性增温期间中高层大气行星波研究进展

Recent research progress on planetary waves in the middle and upper atmosphere during sudden stratospheric warmings

极区平流层爆发性增温(SSW)是冬季半球最剧烈的大气扰动现象之一.SSW期间温度和风场的剧烈变化被认为是冬季半球中高层大气波动能量异常增强的主要原因.流星雷达是能够稳定连续探测中间层和低热层风场的重要地基探测设备.主要依托国家重大科技基础设施建设项目:“子午工程”,我国已建设了多个流星雷达观测台站,对中间层和低热层风场进行了长期稳定连续的监测,为揭示SSW期间中间层和低热层波动异常变化的物理机制提供了重要的观测资料.本文简述了近年来以我国“子午工程”流星雷达监测数据为核心,SSW期间中高层大气行星波的研究进展和成果;深入讨论了冬季半球中高层大气行星波发生异常变化的主要激发机制.随着“子午工程”二期十个流星雷达台站即将建成,本文对利用“子午工程”流星雷达监测台网进一步研究SSW期间中高层大气波动的变化特性进行了展望.

Sudden stratospheric warming(SSW)is a violent atmospheric disturbance in the polar region of the winter hemisphere.The drastic changes in temperature and wind during SSWs are considered to be the main reasons for the abnormal increase in the energy of atmospheric waves in the upper and middle atmosphere in the winter hemisphere.Meteor radar is an important ground-based detection equipment that can stably and continuously detect neutral wind in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)region.Based on one of the National Major Science Infrastructure Projects,the"Meridian Project",China has built several meteor radar observation stations to conduct long-term stable and continuous monitoring of the neutral wind in the MLT region,which provides important observation data for revealing the physical mechanism of abnormal changes in atmospheric waves during SSWs.Here,we briefly review the research progress on planetary waves in the middle and upper atmosphere during SSWs in recent years,especially the scientific findings based on the meteor radars in the Chinese"Meridian Project".The trigger mechanisms of the enhanced planetary waves during SSWs are discussed.With the completion of ten meteor radars in the second phase of the"Meridian Project",this paper prospects the use of its meteor radar monitoring network to further study the characteristics of atmospheric waves in the middle and upper atmos-phere during SSWs.