行政处罚委托明确性的理论证成与制度实现

Theoretical Justification and Institutional Realization of the Clarity of Administrative Penalty Entrustment

由于原有的行政处罚委托条款内容不够明确,2021年修订实施的《行政处罚法》对其作出了相应的补充完善。从理论依据来看,行政处罚委托的内容应当明确,既是源自于行政行为明确性的内在要求,也是为了实现法律效果定型化的价值目标。虽然目前的行政处罚委托条款能够提供一定程度的明确性指引,但是仍然应当注意不同委托依据的效力位阶以及区分不同内容要素的明确性要求。据此,为了更好地贯彻和展开行政处罚委托明确性的运行逻辑,应当继续完善相关的程序制度,包括委托前的尽职调查与资格确认程序、委托后的定期评价与撤销收回机制以及正式确立委托行政机关对委托书内容的法定解释义务。

Due to the unclear content of the original administrative penalty entrustment terms,the Administrative Punishment Law revised and implemented in 2021 has made corresponding supplements and improvements.From the theoretical basis,the content of the entrustment of administrative punishment should be clear,which is not only derived from the inherent requirements of the clarity of administrative acts,but also to achieve the value goal of legal effect stereotyping.Although the current entrustment terms of administrative penalty can provide a certain degree of clarity guidance,we should still pay attention to the validity rank of different entrustment basis and the requirements of clarity to distinguish different content elements.Accordingly,in order to better implement and carry out the operational logic of the clarity of administrative penalty entrustment,we should continue to improve the relevant procedural systems,including the due diligence and qualification confirmation procedures before entrustment,the regular evaluation and revocation recovery mechanism after entrustment,and the formal establishment of the statutory interpretation obligation of the entrusted administrative organ on the content of the power of attorney.