“美育”译介考:以刘焜科举朱卷为线索

Translation and Introduction of“Aesthetic Education”:A Case Study on Red-ink Copy of Liu Kun in Imperial Examination

中国“美育”一词的近代发轫,学界多认为源自刊于1901年10月《普通学报》第1期的蔡元培的译文。但由1902年10月17日《申报》所刊浙江解元刘焜的策艺触类搜求,追索国史最后两科乡试、会试朱卷,另得述及“美育”的8篇策论。因科举时方改制,西学西艺初传,由科举参考书《泰西学案》等逐步推衍考证,“美育”一词源于译自日文《内外教育史》(能势荣著,1893年11月)的《泰西教育史》(叶瀚译,1901年7月),此书的“美育”译介实早于蔡元培。

The modern development of the term“aesthetic education”in China is believed by many scholars to originate from Cai Yuanpei's translation published in the first issue of General Journal in October,1901.However,based on Liu Kun's discussion on strategy skills in Shenbao Newspaper on October 17,1902,as well as the red-ink copies of test papers of the last two subjects in local and metropolitan examinations,another eight papers about strategy skills related to“aesthetic education”are discovered.Due to the reform of the imperial examination system at the time,western learning and art were initially introduced.It was gradually deduced and verified from the reference book of the imperial examination Taixi Learning Case,that the term“aesthetic education”originated from Taixi History of Education(translated by Ye Han in July,1901)translated from Japanese Internal and External History of Education(Neng Shirong,November 1893).In fact,the translation of“aesthetic education”in this book was earlier than that of Cai Yuanpei.