曝气与填料组合调控下投虫密度对黑水虻虫料理化特性及生产性能的影响

Effect of Insect Density on The Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Production Performance of Black Soldier Fly Larvae(BSFL)and Breeding Materials Under The Combined Regulation of Aeration and Filler

为提高单位养殖面积收获更多黑水虻商品虫的可行性,在前期试验优化出的曝气与填料组合调控措施基础上,以原餐厨打浆物为原料,采用实验室模拟试验,研究不同的投虫密度工况(150000、200000、250000 Larvae/m^(2)和300000 Larvae/m^(2))对黑水虻养殖虫料特性和生产性能的影响,为提高单位养殖面积处理废弃物能力和提升黑水虻养殖项目投入产出效益提供支撑。结果表明:①在曝气与填料组合调控措施工况下,通过提高投虫密度可实现提升单位养殖面积幼虫生产性能的目的;②随着投虫密度的增加,对养殖料温的影响较大;经黑水虻转化后残余物料的有机质、总氮、总钾和总养分含量均逐渐降低,总磷含量却有不同程度增加;而黑水虻幼虫平均虫长与虫重均逐渐降低,且直接导致虫体中粗脂肪和总氮含量逐渐降低,但对虫体总磷和总钾影响不大;③随着投虫密度的增加,黑水虻幼虫存活率和料虫比逐渐降低,但单位面积收虫量和物料减量率均逐渐提高,可以缩短餐厨垃圾处理周期,提升转化效率。以投虫密度为300000 Larvae/m^(2)时生产性能为最佳,餐厨垃圾转化时间为9 d,单位面积虫产量为23.4 kg/m^(2),物料减量率84.06%,料虫比为3.22。该结果可为构建黑水虻转化餐厨垃圾标准化生产技术参数体系奠定基础。

To improve the feasibility of harvesting more black soldier fly commercial insects per unit breed⁃ing area,based on the combined control measures of aeration and filler optimized in the previous test,labo⁃ratory simulation tests were used to study differ⁃ent feeding density conditions(150000,200000,250000 Larvae/m^(2)and 300000 Larvae/m^(2))on the characteristics and production performance of black soldier fly culture,which provides support for improving the waste treatment capacity per unit breeding area and improving the inputoutput efficiency of black soldier fly culture proj⁃ect.The results showed that:①under the condition of combined aeration and packing control measures,the purpose of improving the larval production performance per unit culture area could be achieved by increasing the insect feeding density;②with the increase of insect density,it has a greater influence on the temperature of aquaculture materials;After the transformation of black soldier fly,the organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium and total nutri⁃ent contents of the residual materials gradually decreased,but the total phosphorus content increased to varying degrees.However,the average length and weight of the larvae of the black soldier fly gradually decreased,and directly led to the gradual decrease of crude fat and total nitrogen content in the worm,but had little effect on the total phosphorus and total potassium of the worm.③With the increase in in⁃sect density,the survival rate and feeder ratio of black soldier fly larvae gradually decreased,but the in⁃sect collection rate and material reduction rate per unit area gradually increased,which could shorten the treatment cycle of food waste and improve the conversion efficiency.The production performance was the best when the insect density was 300000 Larvae/m2,the conversion time of food waste was 9 d,the in⁃sect collection per unit area was 23.4 kg/m2,the material reduction rate was 84.06%,and the insect ratio was 3.22.The results can lay a foundation for the construction of a standardized production technical pa⁃rameter system for the transformation of food waste in black soldier fly.