非药物干预危重病人口渴相关研究的范围综述

Scoping review of research related to non-pharmaceutical intervention in critical patients with thirst

目的:系统分析非药物干预危重病人口渴症状的相关研究,归纳非药物干预的内容、评估工具、结局指标、效果,以期为医护人员改善危重病人口渴提供参考。方法:根据PRISMA-ScR范围综述报告规范,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library国内外数据库,检索时限为建库至2022年9月30日。对纳入文献进行筛选、质量评价、归纳分析。结果:共纳入19篇文献,其中随机对照研究8篇(2篇质量为A级)、类试验研究10篇、观察性研究1篇,整体质量尚可。干预内容要素包括冷刺激、酸刺激、穴位刺激、保湿、常规护理、放松疗法。评估工具可包括数字评分量表,视觉模拟评分量表、口腔黏膜湿润度等。非药物干预可缓解危重病人口渴强度、口干等症状。结论:非药物干预对危重病人口渴缓解具有积极意义,未来研究需更多高质量随机对照试验,探究最佳评估和干预方法,以构建规范适用的危重病人口渴缓解方案。

Objective:To systematically analyze the relevant studies on the application of non-pharmaceutical intervention in the relief of thirst symptoms of critically ill patients,and summarize the contents,evaluation tools,outcome indicators,and effects of non-pharmaceutical intervention,with a view to providing reference for medical staff to improve the thirst of critically ill patients.Methods:According to the PRISMA-ScR scoping review report specification,the research were retrieved from CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP,CBM,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.The retrieval time was from the inception to September 30,2022.Screening,quality evaluation,and inductive analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 19 articles were included,including 8 randomized controlled studies,2 of which were of Grade A quality,10 of which were quasi experimental studies,and 1 of which was observational study.The overall quality was acceptable.The intervention elements include cold stimulation,acid stimulation,acupoint stimulation,moisturizing,routine nursing,and relaxation therapy.Evaluation tools,include the Numeric Rating Scale(NRS),Visual Analog Scale(VAS),and oral mucosal wetness.Non-pharmaceutical intervention can alleviate the thirst intensity,dry mouth and other symptoms of critically ill patients.Conclusions:Non-pharmaceutical intervention is of positive significance in relieving the thirst of critically ill patients.Future research needs more high-quality randomized controlled trial to explore the best evaluation and intervention methods to build a standardized and applicable program for relieving the thirst of critically ill patients.