独立后哈萨克斯坦中小学国家认同教育内容与推进举措

Content and Promotion Measures of National Identity Education for Primary and Secondary Schools in Kazakhstan After Independence

独立后哈萨克斯坦面临民族结构复杂、多元文化冲击等挑战,加上国家边界存在历史遗留下来的模糊性等问题,亟需加强中小学国家认同教育。青少年作为未来社会发展的主力军,是国家认同教育的重要对象。为增强青少年国家认同意识、培养家国情怀,独立后的哈萨克斯坦在中小学大力实施国家认同教育,内容涵盖民族认同教育、文化认同教育、政治认同教育、历史认同教育。为推进国家认同教育取得实效,哈萨克斯坦以法规为先导、以国语为主体、以活动为纽带,确立了国家认同教育的法定地位,实施了多语语言教育,形成了国家认同教育合力,为独立后哈萨克斯坦保持社会稳定和推进国家建设发挥了重要作用。

After independence,Kazakhstan faced the challenges of complex ethnic structure,multicultural impact,and the problems left over from history existed in the national boundary,it was urgent to strengthen the national identity education in primary and secondary schools.As the main force of future social development,teenagers are important objects of national identity education.In order to enhance teenagers'awareness of national identity and cultivate their belongings to home and country,after independence,Kazakhstan has vigorously implemented national identity education in primary and secondary schools,which covers in content national identity education,cultural identity education,political identity education and historical identity education.In order to promote the effectiveness of national identity education,Kazakhstan has established the legal status of national identity education with laws and regulations as the guide,national language as the main body,and activities as the link,implemented multilingual language education,and formed a joint force of national identity education,which has played an important role in maintaining social stability and promoting national construction in Kazakhstan after independence.