虚拟货币相关刑事犯罪的惩治困境与法律保障

Difficulties and Laws On Virtual Currency-related Criminal Cases

虚拟货币是伴随信息技术发展而衍生的一种新兴“货币形式”。这种新兴货币形式因拥有庞大的市场交易量而被不法分子所觊觎,相关刑事案件频频发生。在司法实践中,由于现行刑法罪名体系不利于打击涉虚拟货币犯罪,追踪锁定涉案犯罪主体、侦查取证不易,相关犯罪事实认定、定罪量刑困难等问题,使得打击涉虚拟货币相关刑事犯罪困难重重。为更好地抑制虚拟货币相关网络犯罪案件发生,我国应探索健全刑事立法体系、发挥刑事立法震慑力,秉承审慎治理观念、优化刑事犯罪主体追踪方法;推进刑侦数字化建设、完善刑事犯罪侦查取证机制,明确虚拟货币地位、规范犯罪事实推定内容,完善虚拟货币定罪依据、统一虚拟货币数额认定标准等路径加以规制。

Virtual currency is a new form of currency with the development of information technology.This emerging currency is coveted by lawbreakers for its huge market transactions.Currently,criminal cases involving virtual currency frequently occur.In judicial practices,the current criminal law system is not conducive to cracking down on crime,making it difficult to identify the subject of cybercrime,conduct investigation,gather evidence,determine criminal facts,pursue criminal responsibility and other issues,which in turn complicates the process of convicting and sentencing offenders involved in virtual currencies.To better restrain the occurrence of cybercrimes involving virtual currency and break up the readily exploitable loopholes for criminals,it is necessary to explore and improve the criminal legislation system,exert the restraint force of criminal legislation,uphold the concept of prudent governance,optimize the tracking methods of criminal subjects,enhance the quality of detection,improve the mechanism of criminal investigation and evidence collection,clarify the legal status of virtual currency,standardize the criteria for presumption of criminal intent,improve the legal basis for conviction of virtual currency offenses,and unify the standard of virtual currency amount determination and other pathways to regulate and manage the virtual currency.