国际数字贸易规则:主要进展、现实困境与发展进路

International Digital Trade Rules:Main Achievements,Practical Dilemmas and Progressive Approaches

新兴数字技术深刻改变传统贸易的内容、方式和格局,引发国际数字贸易规则的兴起。国际数字贸易规则的源头可溯至电子商务初期规则,其主要进展表现为20世纪90年代在电子商务基础法、数字环境下知识产权保护、电信市场准入、电子传输关税及隐私保护和数据流动等方面取得的突破。然而,新兴国际数字贸易规则建构面临WTO框架下多边进程受阻、双边和区域层面碎片化加剧的双重困境。对此,应坚持多边主义发展进路,统筹国际与国内,推动国际层面订立《国际数字贸易协定》和完善国内数字贸易治理体系。《数字经济伙伴关系协定》可为建构适于全球的平衡、有效和包容的国际数字贸易协调规则提供有益借鉴。

Emerging digital technologies have profoundly changed the content,mode and pattern of traditional trade,triggering the rise of international digital trade rules.The origin of international digital trade rules can be traced back to the early rules of e-commerce,and its main progress is reflected in the 1990s in the basic law of e-commerce,intellectual property protection under the digital environment,telecommunications market access,electronic transmission tariffs,privacy protection and data flow and other breakthroughs.However,the construction of the new international digital trade rules is faced with the dual dilemma of the multilateral process blocked under the WTO framework and the intensified fragmentation at bilateral and regional levels.In this regard,we should adhere to the development path of multilateralism,coordinate international and domestic efforts,and promote the conclusion of the International Digital Trade Agreement and improve the domestic digital trade governance system at the international level.The Digital Economy Partnership Agreement can provide useful reference for the establishment of balanced,effective and inclusive harmonizing rules for international digital trade that are suitable for the whole world.