文化资本视角下历史街区再生理念、框架和策略——以日本高山城下町和南京小西湖历史街区为实证

The Concept,Framework and Strategy of the Regeneration of Historic Districts from the Perspective of Cultural Capital:Two Cases in Takayama,Japan and Xiaoxihu,Nanjing

历史街区拥有保护和发展的双重要义,历史街区再生需要平衡好利用好城市中的文化力、经济力和社会力,在人文价值、当代需求和持续发展之间找到可操作的秩序路径。基于此,论文回归历史街区活态遗产的人文社会属性,从“作为城市文化资本的历史街区”切入研究,重点围绕街区遗产资源的价值潜力,架构了历史街区再生解释框架,并在此框架下结合对日本高山和南京小西湖两个历史街区再生案例的审视分析,探讨了文化资本增量积累下的历史街区再生策略。研究明晰了建成遗产作为可持续再生驱动力的价值作用,为本土实践提供了新的思想和方法借鉴。

Since the new century,the principle of sustainability has been incorporated into the policy system of cultural heritage.Heritage,as the natural,cultural,social and economic capital of cities and regions,has been increasingly recognized by the international community.Cultural heritage has increasingly highlighted its value in building local identity,enhancing social cohesion and economic construction.UNESCO,the European Union,and major scientific research institutions have successively issued a series of new guidance documents and research reports,expanding new research perspectives and approaches to explore the multidimensional and complex relationships between cultural heritage and ecological climate,identity,civil society,economic development,tourism and creative activities,and forming urban renewal and development recommendations driven by culture and based on the potential value of heritage.In this broad perspective,some scholars at home and abroad have also put forward the cutting-edge and inspiring concept of urban/district regeneration.The concept of sustainable development based on the exploration and utilization of the potential of urban culture has gradually been widely recognized.The value driven endogenous urban/district renewal and regeneration methods have also become a hot topic of current academic research.It has positive significance for the national strategy of“implementing urban renewal actions”and“creating a better life”in the new era.In the late 1960s and early 1970s,French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu gave a non economic interpretation of the concept of capital.He metaphor Cultural Capital as a resource that can produce rights and play an effective role,bringing new ideas to the field of sociology.As a theoretical concept and functional tool to recognize the social structure and solve social difficulties,cultural capital also provides the possibility to explain and solve the complex problems faced by historic districts.Based on this,the paper returns to the humanistic and social attributes of the living heritage of the historic districts,starting from“the historic districts as the urban cultural capital”,focusing on the value potential of the heritage resources,and constructs the interpretation framework of the regeneration of the historic districts.1)The paper puts forward the concept connotation of“cultural capital of historic districts”:it aims to emphasize the significance and value of historic districts as a cultural factor and cultural resource management,including the accumulation of spiritual and material wealth related to all cultures carried by the historic districts,and also,the paper divides the cultural capital of historic districts into three forms:embodied cultural capital existing with the lasting personality of districts,objectified cultural capital as the material carrier of districts cultural value,cultural significance and cultural function,an institutionalized cultural capital that recognizes the value of historic districts;2)The paper summarizes the effect of Cultural Capital in historic districts,and clarifies the stock of cultural capital in different forms(meaning elements and carrier characteristics),value connotation and service flow that can be provided;3)The paper puts forward the potential elements and basic ways to realize the effect of cultural capital in historic districts.Under this framework,combined with the review and analysis of the regeneration cases of two historic districts,Takayama,Japan and Xiaoxihu,Nanjing,this paper further explains the elements significance and carrier characteristics of different forms cultural capital,reveals the theoretical logical relationship between cultural capital and the regeneration of historic districts,and proves the value of built heritage as a driving force for sustainable regeneration.To sum up,the paper finally discusses the regeneration strategy of historic districts under the incremental accumulation of cultural capital from the perspective of space construction,aiming to realize the social significance and economic value of cultural heritage resources from a humanistic perspective.Specifically,it includes:1)spatial growth that permeates the original environmental atmosphere:firstly,preserving the overall pattern relationship between natural and artificial environments;secondly,creating a sense of overall spatial order by establishing complete paths and flow sequences;2)The scenario anchoring of returning to daily life:firstly,retaining the local living subject;secondly,exploring the rules of space occupation,exploring the order and formal characteristics of the scenario space that reflect the logic of human behavior;thirdly,preserving and enhancing the physical key anchoring points required for the occurrence of scenario activities;3)Functional applicability and activation:on the one hand,it assists in the inheritance of traditional business formats in the historic districts;on the other hand,based on the value and utilization potential of heritage resources,activate and utilize the heritage in the historic districts.