菠萝酵素对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和粪便菌群的影响

Effect of pineapple enzyme on growth performance,serum immune index and fecal flora of weaned piglets

试验旨在研究饮水中添加菠萝酵素(pineapple enzyme,PE)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标和粪便菌群的影响。试验选取120头断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组断奶仔猪均饲喂基础日粮,参照NRC(2012)配制。对照组(CON组)仔猪饮水无添加剂,PE1组、PE2组、PE3组仔猪饮水中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的PE。试验期间所有仔猪自由饮水,PE组24 h通过自动比例泵添加菠萝酵素。试验期28 d。结果显示,与CON相比,PE2组和PE3组断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)、血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著升高(P<0.05);各PE组断奶仔猪的料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05),仔猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05);PE2组断奶仔猪血清过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。仔猪饮水中添加PE后,粪便微生物Shannon指数有所升高。各组丰度最高的菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);PE组丰度最高的菌属均为未知(unidentified)、普氏菌属NK3B31组(Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group)。研究表明,在饮水中添加0.2%PE可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化水平和免疫指标、改善菌群环境。

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of adding PE to water on growth performance,serum immune index and fecal flora of weaned piglets.A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups,with three replicates in each group and 10 piglets in each replicate.Weaned piglets in all groups were fed with basal diet,which was formulated according to NRC(2012).Piglets in control group(CON group)had no additives in drinking water,and piglets in PE1 group,PE2 group and PE3 group added 0.1%,0.2%and 0.3%PE in drinking water,respectively.During the experiment,all piglets drank water freely,and PE group added bromelain through automatic proportional pump for 24 h.The experiment lasted for 28 d.The results showed that compared with CON,the ADG,serum CAT activitiy,IgM,IgA and TNF-αcontent of weaned piglets in PE2 group and PE3 group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The F/G of piglets in all PE groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum T-AOC of piglets was significantly increased(P<0.05).Serum SOD activity and IFN-γcontent in PE2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while serum MDA content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The fecal microbial Shannon index of piglets increased after PE was added to drinking water.The Bacteroidetes with the highest abundance were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.The highest abundances of all PE groups were unidentified and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group.The study indicates that 0.2%PE in drinking water can improve the growth performance,antioxidant level and immune index of weaned piglets,and improve the microflora environment.