数字经济发展的“中国路径”:典型事实、内在逻辑与策略选择

The"Chinese Path"of Digital Economy Development:Typical Facts,Internal Logic and Strategic Choices

中国充分把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革新机遇,走出了一条具有中国特色的数字经济发展道路。中国数字经济发展经历了技术孕育阶段、爆发增长阶段、融合协同阶段和创新发展阶段,走了一条从模仿与本土化改造到自主创新、优先发展消费互联网、以规模优势“反哺”创新、构建以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展道路,为全球数字经济发展创造了中国经验。数字经济发展的“中国路径”以需求端为基础,超大规模市场为数字经济发展提供市场需求和应用场景,进而激发商业模式创新和技术创新,挖掘更加多样化的需求,形成迭代上升的发展模式。中国数字经济的发展进程体现出“禀赋优势”与“后发优势”的结合,两种优势得以关联的关键是中国在数字经济领域较好地处理了政府与市场的关系。当前,中国“市场牵引、反哺技术、创新驱动”式的发展路径,面临治理体系、内生动力、外部环境与赶超式发展的不匹配问题,这将制约中国数字经济的自增长可持续性与市场主体活力激发。做强做优做大中国数字经济,需要充分发挥市场配置资源的有效作用,更加有效地发挥政府在加强法治建设、提高公共服务供给水平和优化营商环境等方面的积极作用,增强数字经济高质量发展的内生动力和创新活力,打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。

China has fully grasped the new opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial change,and has developed a digital economy with Chinese characteristics.The development of China's digital economy has gone through a technology incubation stage,an explosive growth stage,a convergence and synergy stage and an innovation development stage,and has taken a path from imitation and localization to independent innovation,prioritizing the development of consumer internet,stimulating innovation with scale advantage and building a digital economy with data as a key element,creating Chinese experience for the development of the global digital economy.The"Chinese path"of digital economy development is based on the demand side,with the mega market providing market demand and application scenarios for digital economy development,which in turn stimulates business model innovation and technological innovation,tapping into more diversified needs and forming an iterative development model.China's digital economy development process reflects a combination of"endowment advantage"and"late-mover advantage",and the key to associating the two advantages is China's good management of the relationship between government and market in the digital economy.At present,China's development path of"stimulating innovation by market demand"is facing the mismatch between the governance system,endogenous power,external environment and catch-up development,which will restrict the sustainability of China's digital economy and stimulate the new vitality of market players.To strengthen,improve and expand China's digital economy,we need to further fully activate the effective role of the market in allocating resources,effectively play the active role of the government in strengthening the rule of law,improving public services and optimizing the business environment,enhance the endogenous power and innovative vitality of the high-quality development of the digital economy,and create a digital industry cluster with international competitiveness.