酸性环境下析氧反应Ir、Ru贵金属电催化剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Environment

水电解法是利用可再生能源生产氢气的最有效、最环保的方法之一。质子交换膜(PEM)水电解槽对可再生能源的储存和转化具有重要意义,与碱性电解水相比,具有设计紧凑、电压效率高和气体纯度高等优点。然而,阳极电催化剂的低效率、不稳定性和高成本阻碍了PEM水电解。许多析氧反应(OER)电催化剂在恶劣的酸性环境下,在OER电位作用下容易发生溶解或表面结构转变,最终导致催化性能急剧下降,因此酸性OER是阻碍PEM水电解槽实际应用的主要因素之一。高效、经济和耐用的电催化剂可降低OER的高动力学势垒,加速其反应动力学。迄今为止,Ir和Ru基纳米材料仍然代表着最先进的催化剂,已经设计和合成了多种先进的贵金属电催化剂,以增强酸性OER性能。本文综述了近5年性能优异的酸性OER新型电催化剂的研究进展。首先,讨论了对酸性OER的基本认识,包括其反应机理。在此基础上,对贵金属Ir、Ru单原子、合金和氧化物等方面综述了贵金属酸性OER电催化剂的设计和合成进展。最后,从反应机理研究和更高效的电催化剂设计等方面对酸性OER的未来发展提出了展望。

Water electrolysis is one of the most efficient and environmentally benign methods for the hydrogen production using renewable but intermittent power sources.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolyzers hold great significance for renewable energy storage and conversion.The acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is one of the main roadblocks that hinder the practical application of PEM water electrolyzers.Highly active,cost-effective,and durable electrocatalysts are indispensable for lowering the high kinetic barrier of OER to achieve boosted reaction kinetics.To date,a wide spectrum of advanced electrocatalysts has been designed and synthesized for enhanced acidic OER performance,though Ir and Ru based nanostructures still represent the state-of-the-art catalysts.In this Progress Report,recent research progress on novel electrocatalysts with acidic OER performance is reviewed.First,the basic understanding of acidic OER,including the reaction mechanism,is discussed.On this basis,the design and synthesis progress of noble metal acidic OER electrocatalysts are reviewed for noble metal Ir,Ru single atoms,alloys,oxides,etc.Finally,the future development of acidic OER is prospected from the aspects of reaction mechanism research and more efficient electrocatalyst design.