我国国际商事调解特区立法:问题争议、解决机制及制度贡献

China's Special Zone Legislation for International Commercial Mediation:Disputes,Settlement Mechanisms and Institutional Contributions

随着对外开放水平的提升,我国国际商事调解相关法律实践以及各地自贸区相关机制探索正加速开展,但也面临着缺乏商事调解专门立法、主持商事调解的主体资质不明、和解协议执行路径不畅、缺乏跨境执行的审查标准等现实问题与挑战,极大地制约了我国商事制度的发展及其与国际主流制度的接轨。新近实施的《深圳经济特区矛盾纠纷多元化解条例》以特区立法及授权形式率先对商事调解作出专门规定,赋予了商事调解独立的法律地位,并创设了若干具有引领示范效应的制度举措:创新设立中立评估机制提升调解“效率”,引入司法保全措施确保调解“效能”,增设司法确认程序落实调解“效果”,提倡市场化自主发展推升调解“效益”,有效解决了商事调解的“四效”问题。国际商事调解特区立法的探索性、开创性、系统性建构,在立法理念、条款设计及至现实应用上对我国落地生效《新加坡调解公约》、发展具有中国特色的国际商事调解制度提供了重要的先期制度参考和经验探索,同时某种意义上也为世界范围内国际商事调解制度的完善和发展贡献了中国方案。

With the progressive advancement of China's international engagement,the pace of legal practices pertaining to international commercial mediation and the exploration of relevant mechanisms in various free trade zones has accelerated.However,certain prevailing challenges persist,including the absence of specialized legislation for commercial mediation,vagueness in legal nature of mediation institutions,impediments in enforcement,and lack of review standards for cross-border enforcement.The recently enacted Regulations on the Diversified Resolution of Conflicts and Disputes in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,as a local legislative instrument,has spearheaded the introduction of specific regulations addressing commercial mediation,henceforth establishing a fundamental legal framework for mediation in Shenzhen.Particularly noteworthy is its innovative approach towards international commercial mediation,manifested through the establishment of mechanisms such as Early Neutral Evaluation,preservation in mediation and judicial confirmation which facilitate the efficiency of mediation.The exploratory,pioneering and systematic construction of the legislation for international commercial mediation has provided China with the entry into force of the“Singapore Mediation Convention”and the development of an international commercial mediation system with Chinese characteristics in three aspects:legislative concept,clause design,and practical application.It is an important preliminary system reference and experience exploration,and in a sense,it has also contributed to the Chinese solution to the perfection and development of the international commercial mediation system worldwide.