地力差减法在南疆温室大棚番茄推荐施肥中的应用研究

Study on the application of differential ground strength reduction method in the recommended fertilization of tomatoes in greenhouse in Southern Xinjiang

为提高大棚番茄产量提供科学施肥依据,以番茄欧斯特6号为试验材料,采用地力差减法,研究平衡施肥处理对大棚番茄产量、养分吸收量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,平衡施肥能够显著提高各器官干物质积累量以及叶面积指数,平衡施肥区番茄采果期产量高达66176.94 kg·hm^(-2)。T4处理百千克经济产量对N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分需求量分别为2.32、0.32、3.21 kg,其中氮肥和钾肥的百千克经济产量养分吸收量可以作为本地推荐施肥的依据。采果期大棚番茄的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的利用率分别为58.75%、26.97%和42.59%,在3穗至5穗膨果期对氮肥、磷肥和钾肥需求量最大,是施肥的关键期,分别占整个生育期的44.7%、55.4%、51.6%,大棚番茄全生育期推荐N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施肥量分别为489.72、349.94、480.07 kg·hm^(-2)。

To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific recommendation of fertilization for the high yield of greenhouse tomato,a subtraction method of soil fertility difference greenhouse field experiment was conducted to discover the effects of fertilization on the yield,nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization of greenhouse tomato.Greenhouse tomato Oster No.6 was used as the test material,four treatments of no N,no phosphorus,no potassium and balanced fertilization were set up using the ground power differential reduction method to investigate the effects of balanced fertilization on the yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization of greenhouse tomato.The results showed that balanced fertilization significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of all organs and leaf area index,and the yield of greenhouse tomato at the fruiting stage was 66176.94 kg·hm^(-2).100 kg of nutrient requirement for economic yield of T4 treatment was 2.32 kg N,0.32 kg P_(2)O_(5),3.21 kg K_(2)O.The nutrient uptake of N and K fertilizers for 100 kg of economic yield can be used as a basis for local recommended fertilizer application.The utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for greenhouse tomato during the harvest period were 58.75%,26.97%and 42.59%,respectively,and the distribution ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers among the four reproductive periods of greenhouse tomato showed that the demand was greatest from three to five fruit ears,which was the critical period for fertilization,accounting for 44.7%,55.4%and 51.6%of the entire reproductive period,respectively.The recommended fertilizer rates for greenhouse tomato were 489.72 kg·hm^(-2)N,349.94 kg·hm^(-2)P_(2)O_(5)and 480.07 kg·hm^(-2)K_(2)O for the whole production period.