稻田养小龙虾的研究进展、存在问题及对策建议

The Research Progress,Existing Problem and Countermeasure of Raising Crayfish in Paddy Field

稻田养殖小龙虾在稻渔种养模式中占据重要地位,为发展最迅速的一种生产模式,有着明显的经济、生态和社会效益。稻田养虾历经几十年的发展,已由稻田试养、散养模式发展为稻虾轮作、稻虾共生、一稻三虾和稻虾+其他养殖动物等多种种养模式。本文综述了稻田养虾的发展历程、发展特征、主要种养模式以及稻田养虾模式下水稻生长、经济、生态和社会效应等相关基础理论的研究进展,从田间工程改造、重虾轻稻与粗放管理、品种退化与病害防治、种养风险与产业体系等方面论述稻田养虾存在的问题,并从坚持因地制宜与标准规范发展、强化技术培训与抵御种养风险、建立健全苗种培育体系和优化稻虾产业发展体系等方面提出了发展建议,以期充分挖掘稻田养虾的生产潜力,为稻虾产业可持续发展提供相关理论支撑。

Farming crayfish in paddy field plays an important role in the integrated rice-fish system,and has become the most rapidly developing production mode,with obvious economic,ecological and social benefits.After decades of development,farming crayfish in paddy fields has developed from trial farming and free-range farming mode to rice-crayfish rotation,rice-crayfish symbiosis,one season rice with three season crayfish and rice-crayfish with other breeding animals.This paper reviews the development process,development characteristics and the main planting-raising mode,the related basic theory research of rice growth,economic,ecological and social effect of crayfish farming mode,and expounds the problems existed in crayfish farming mode from field engineering,crayfish farming was valued over rice planting and extensive management,variety degeneration and disease control,planting and raising risk and industry system and other aspects in paddy field.Meanwhile,suggestions of development were put forward from the aspects of adhering to local conditions and standard development,strengthening technical training and resisting planting-raising risks,establishing and improving the seedling cultivation system,and optimizing the development system of rice and shrimp industry,in order to fully tap the production potential of rice and shrimp farming,and provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of rice and shrimp industry.