基于HSV量化的幼儿园户外景观色彩设计研究

Color Design of Kindergarten Outdoor Landscape Based on HSV Quantification

目的探究儿童对幼儿园户外景观色彩空间的感知偏好,提出科学有效的儿童活动空间色彩设计方法。方法选取福州市25个幼儿园户外活动样地为研究对象,从色彩组成和色彩空间构型建立色彩特征指标体系,运用p5.js软件自拟程序将图片转化为HSV空间并进行分割量化,利用ArcGIS10.2、Fragstats4.2软件计算色彩指数,并通过SPSS软件对色彩特征指标进行相关性分析。结果对儿童感知偏好影响较强的6个色彩指标为:C1色彩均匀度指数>C4对比程度指标>C2色彩数量>C5自然色占比>SHDI斑块多样性指数>FRAC_MN斑块形状平均分维数,C1、C4随偏好度等级呈非线性变化,C2、C5、SHDI、FRAC_MN与偏好度等级成正比;提取出四大色彩特征公因子,分别为色彩均匀度及色彩数量因子F1、色彩对比及色彩饱和度因子F2、色彩斑块分维度因子F3、色彩斑块多样性及自然色因子F4,权重依次为F1>F2>F3>F4。结论3种高质量色彩空间模式分别具备色彩对比强、自然色丰富、色彩构成形状多样的色彩特征,为幼儿园户外景观色彩质量提升及其他儿童活动空间的色彩设计提供了理论参考。

The work aims to explore children's perception preference of outdoor landscape color space in kindergartens,and propose a scientific and effective color design method for children's activity space.In this work,25 kindergartens in Fuzhou were selected as the research objects.An color characteristic index system was established from the color composition and color space configuration.The p5.js software was used to develop programs to convert pictures into HSV space for segmentation and quantification.The ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstats4.2 software were used to calculate the color index,and the SPSS software was used to analyze the correlation of color characteristic indexes.The six color indicators with strong influence on children's perception preference were C1 color evenness index>C4 contrast index>C2 color quantity>C5 natural color proportion>SHDI plaque diversity index>FRAC_Mean fractal dimension of MN patch shape.C1 and C4 changed nonlinearly with preference level,C2,C5,SHDI,FRAC_MN was proportional to the preference level;Four common factors of color characteristics were extracted,which were color evenness and color quantity factor F1,color contrast and color saturation factor F2,color patch sub dimension factor F3,color patch diversity and natural color factor F4,with the weight of F1>F2>F3>F4.Three high-quality color space models are summarized,which respectively have the color characteristics of strong color contrast,rich natural colors,and diverse color composition shapes,providing theoretical reference for the improvement of color quality of kindergarten outdoor landscape and color design of other children's activity spaces.