《尔朱荣传》与《魏书》“秽史”说新论

A New Study on the Theory of“Huishi”about the Biograpgy of Erzhu Rong and the Weishu

《魏书》“秽史”说的传统问题之一是魏收因受贿而为尔朱荣作佳传。结合《魏书》内对北魏覆灭的总结和对尔朱荣的评价,《洛阳伽蓝记》等当时的各类史料对尔朱荣、尔朱兆的区别对待,以及高氏自身塑造合法性的需求,可知《魏书》力图塑造的是关于北魏末年的两条叙述线索:“胡太后—尔朱荣”和“尔朱兆—高欢”。《魏书》让胡太后背负北魏灭亡的罪责,以此肯定尔朱荣匡扶魏室的功绩;同时对尔朱荣和尔朱兆进行区分,突出了原出于尔朱荣军中的高欢灭尔朱兆、振兴魏室的功臣形象,塑造了高氏和北齐的合法性。这一现象符合北齐国史撰作的“起元”要求,《魏书》因此呈现了尔朱荣“佳传”的面貌,不能以“秽史”一言以蔽之。

One of the significant topics about the“Huishi”theory of Weishu is that Wei Shou accepted bribes to make a good biography for Erzhu Rong.But in fact,combining with the summary of the collapse of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the evaluation of Erzhu Rong in Weishu,and the different treatment of Erzhu Rong and Erzhu Zhao in historical materials,as well as the legitimate needs of the Gao’s,Weishu tries to shape two political clues about the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty:the Queen Mother Hu to Erzhu Rong and Erzhu Zhao to Gao Huan.In Weishu,the Queen Mother Hu was responsible for the destruction of the Dynasty and affirmed the contribution of Erzhu Rong.At the same time,it distinguished Rong and Zhao,highlighting Gao Huan’s image as a hero in destroying Zhao,and shaping the legitimacy of Gao's family.As a result,Weishu presents the appearance a good biography for Erzhu Rong.