人工湿地与自然湿地的植物群落多样性以及种间联结性

Plant diversity and interspecific association of plant communities in constructed and natural wetlands

为了有效指导湿地植被恢复,以天津市临港生态湿地公园(人工湿地)和北大港湿地自然保护区(自然湿地)为研究对象,通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、方差比率(VR)、χ^(2)检验、Ochiai关联指数和Spearman秩相关分析,对比了人工湿地和自然湿地的植物群落多样性及其种间关系,并划分了生态种组.结果表明:①对2种类型湿地进行植物物种调查,共发现了175种植物,均以耐盐碱草本植物为优势物种,其中59种植物重合.自然湿地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均高于人工湿地的数值.②自然湿地主要表现为负联结种对,大部分物种呈现独立分布;而人工湿地则正联结种对略高于负联结种对.自然湿地中的显著性联结种对数量占比高于人工湿地的数值.③2种类型湿地均可划分为2类生态种组,即耐盐碱的湿中生野生植物群和具有观赏性的人工植物群.人工湿地植被恢复时,可依据自然湿地生态种组和当地生境条件,构建“近自然”湿地植物群落.

To provide technical support for wetland vegetation restoration,Tianjin Lingang Ecological Wetland Park(construct-ed wetland)and Tianjin Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve(natural wetland)were chosen as research areas.Several methods were employed,including Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,variance ratio(VR),χ^(2) test,Ochiai index,and Spearman rank correlation analysis.These methods were used to examine community characteristics,diversity traits,overall correlations,and interspecific correlations.Ecological species groups were then selected based on the analysis results.The results indicated that:①175 plant species were found in the two wetlands,with saline-alkali tolerant herbs being the principal species and 59 species overlapping.The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index in the natural wetland were higher than those in the con-structed wetland.②Species pairs in the natural wetland were mainly negatively associated,while the most species showed in-dependent distribution.In contrast,positive species pairs were slightly more common than negative species pairs in the con-structed wetland.The number of significant associated species pairs in the natural wetland was higher than that in the construct-ed wetland.③Two types of ecological species groups were established in these wetlands,namely saline-alkali-tolerant wet wild flora and artificial ornamental flora.In the process of vegetation restoration in constructed wetlands,“near-natural”wetland vegetation communities can be created based on the local habitats as well as the ecological groups in natural wetlands.