庋藏与作伪——清代宋元旧本《史记》的流转

Collection and Forgery——The Circulation of Song and Yuan Editions of Records of the Grand Historian in the Qing Dynasty

《史记》流传至明清时期,尤重其版本,这与当时臻于极盛的藏书风气密切相关,从官藏到私藏,宋元旧椠颇受追捧。明清鼎革,江南藏书大量散出,毛氏、季氏等所藏珍贵宋版《史记》也在不同藏书家手中流转。清末杨氏海源阁“四经四史斋”、刘氏嘉业堂“四史斋”所藏宋本《史记》命途多舛。为了迎合藏书家以攫取巨大利益,书贾大量伪造宋元本《史记》,而其作伪方式也是层出不穷,伪造名人印鉴、剜补牌记等最为常见,明代翻刻宋元本《史记》常常以此冒充旧椠,其中“嘉靖三刻”(金台汪谅本、震泽王延喆本、秦藩本)以及游明翻刻元中统本最受书贾青睐。而“百衲本”《史记》在宋元刻本难存全帙的情况下,应运而生,一人倡之,多家模仿,成为清代一种独特的藏书文化。

Records of the Grand Historian was handed down to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with particular em⁃phasis on its editions,which was closely related to the book collection atmosphere that was at its peak at that time.From official to private collections,Song and Yuan antique editions were very popular.During the transition from Ming to Qing,a large number of books in Jiangnan were scattered,and the precious Song edition of Records of the Grand His⁃torian collected by Mao,Ji,etc.was also circulated in the hands of different bibliophiles.At the end of the Qing Dy⁃nasty,the Song edition of Records of the Grand Historian collected in the Room of Four Classics and Four Histories in Yang's Haiyuan Pavilion and the Room of Four Histories in Liu's Jiaye Tang had an adverse fate.In order to cater to bibliophiles and gain huge profits,booksellers forged a large number of Song and Yuan editions of Records of the Grand Historian,and the methods of forgery were endless.Forgery of celebrity seals and supplementary plaques were the most common.In the Ming Dynasty,these forgeries were often used to reprint the so-called Song and Yuan editions of Re⁃cords of the Grand Historian.Among them,the three Jiajing reprints——Jintai Wang Liang's edition,Zhenze Wang Yanzhe's edition,Qin Fan's edition——and You Ming's reprint of Yuan Zhongtong edition were most favoured by book⁃sellers.Under the condition that the Song and Yuan editions were scattered and difficult to find,patchwork editions of Records of the Grand Historian came into being.Once one person advocated it,many imitated it,which became a unique book collection culture in the Qing Dynasty.