随州义地岗枣树林墓地M190出土青铜器与锡器的科技分析

Scientific Analysis on Bronze and Tin Artifacts from M190 at Zaoshulin Cemetery of Yidigang Tomb Complex in Suizhou City,Hubei

本文通过合金成分分析、金相组织分析以及铅同位素比值分析对随州义地岗墓群枣树林墓地M190出土的青铜器与锡器的技术与资源特征进行表征。结果表明枣树林M190出土青铜容器中锡含量较高,并且出现相当比例的高锡青铜,另有纯锡制品以及纯锡焊补材料的使用。编钟、兵器等青铜器类生产标准化程度较高。枣树林M190正处于春秋早中期金属资源变迁的重要时间节点,来自湖南地区的铅锡物料随着楚国的兴起而广泛流通。曾国与楚国通婚,关系亲近,又地处金属资源运输的咽喉要道,故可获得大量金属物料。而曾公将大量贵重金属锡资源作为普通物料使用,反映其作为国君掌握的财富与权威。

The technology and resource characteristics of bronze and tin artifacts unearthed from M190(the tomb of Duke Qiu of the Zeng state)at Zaoshulin cemetery of the Yidigang tomb complex,Suizhou,were revealed by alloy composition analysis,metallography analysis,and lead isotope ratio analysis.The results show that many bronze vessels excavated from M190 contain high tin contents.Pure-tin objects and soldering materials are also found.There is a high degree of standardization in the production of multiple types of bronzes including chimes and weapons.M190 was at an important turning point when metal sources changed in the early and mid Spring and Autumn period.Lead and tin resources from Hunan circulated widely with the rise of the Chu state.The Zeng state was on the material transportation route and had access to a large number of metal materials because of its tight connection with the Chu through intermarriage.In M190,the use of precious tin resources as common materials reflects the tomb owner's wealth and power as a sovereign.