珍珠龙胆石斑鱼气调保活工艺的研究

Modified Atmosphere Preservation-Alive Technology of Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E.lanceolatus

为探讨保活条件对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活时长的影响,分别以O_(2)、CO_(2)、N_(2) 3种气体的配比、保活温度、保湿材料进行单因素试验筛选最佳条件范围,正交试验优化气调保活条件,并对不同保活阶段的肌肉成分、血液生化指标进行测定。试验结果表明,气体配比为V(O_(2))∶V(CO_(2))∶V(N_(2))=85∶0∶15、保活温度为15℃、保湿材料为海绵时,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活时间最长,保活12.5 h其存活率为100%。珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的体质量损失率随保活时间的延长逐渐升高,复水12 h后累积体质量损失率达(6.49±0.15)%。背肌水分含量无显著变化(P>0.05),灰分含量略微升高,粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量逐渐降低。血糖含量、皮质醇含量随保活时间的延长呈曲线变化,尿素氮含量,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、酸性磷酸酶活性明显升高,甘油三酯含量、碱性磷酸酶活性有所下降。综上所述,气调保活中珍珠龙胆石斑鱼肾脏、肝脏、免疫系统均受到一定程度的损伤,但复水之后均有所恢复,且保活时间长于纯氧环境的保活时长,因此所筛选的最优气调保活条件有利于珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的无水保活运输。本试验结果可为珍珠龙胆石斑鱼气调保活运输的实际应用提供理论支撑。

In order to explore the effects of preservation conditions on the waterless preservation time of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus [QX(Y12]♂[QX)] , a single factor test was carried out to screen the optimal range of conditions by using the proportion of O_(2) , CO_(2) and N_(2) gases, survival temperature and moisturizing materials, and orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the preservation conditions of atmosphere preservation-alive. The muscle components and blood biochemical indices in different survival stages were determined. The results showed that the maximal waterless survival period was observed under the gas ratio of V (O_(2) )∶ V (CO_(2) )∶ V (N_(2) )=85∶0∶15, the preservation temperature of 15 ℃, and the moisturizing material of sponge, with the 12.5 h survival rate of 100%. The weight loss rate of hybrid grouper was increased gradually with the prolongation of survival time, and the cumulative weight loss rate reached (6.49±0.15)% after rehydration for 12 h. There was no significant change in moisture content in dorsal muscle( P >0.05), but the ash content was slightly increased. The contents of crude protein and crude fat were gradually decreased, and the decrease of fat content during the whole process was much greater than that of protein, which might be because the main energy supply substance in the body of the hybrid grouper was fat rather than protein during the period of atmosphere preservation-alive and maintenance. The blood glucose and cortisol contents showed curve changes with the prolonging of survival time. The contents of BUN, AST, ALT and ACP were significantly increased, while the contents of TG and AKP were decreased. In conclusion, the kidney, liver and immune system of the hybrid grouper were all damaged to a certain extent during atmosphere preservation-alive, but they all recovered after resuscitation, and the survival time was longer than that in pure oxygen environment. Therefore, the optimal atmosphere preservation-alive conditions selected were conducive to the waterless preservation transportation of grouper. The finding will provide theoretical support with the practical application of atmosphere preservation-alive and preservation transportation of grouper.