幼儿分类能力的发展特征及功能特征提示的作用

The Developmental Characteristics of Children's Classification Ability and the Effect of Functional Feature Prompts

本研究采用经典的三角归类范式,以浙江省金华市218名4一6岁幼儿为研究对象,探究幼儿关于人工物品的分类能力的发展特征,及功能特征提示对幼儿正确分类的促进作用。研究结果表明:在对人工物品进行分类时,4岁幼儿主要依据形状相似性进行分类;6岁幼儿主要依据类别进行分类;5岁幼儿一半基于形状相似性进行分类,另一半基于类别进行分类。由此可以推测,5岁是幼儿从基于形状相似性分类发展为基于类别分类的关键期。另外,功能特征提示能够有效帮助4岁幼儿进行正确分类。据此,本研究提出了相应的教育建议。

In this study,the clasic triangular classification paradigm is employed,and 218 children aged 4-6 in Jinhua City,Zhejang Province,are selected as research subjects to explore the developmental characteristics of children's ability to classify artificial objects,and the effect of functional feature prompts on children's correct classification.The results indicate that 4-year-old children mainly classify artificial objects based on shape similarity,6-year-old children mainly classify based on category,and half and half of 5-year-old children classify based on shape similarity and category separately.Therefore,it can be inferred that the age of 5 is a critical period for young children to transition from shape-similarity-based classification to category-based classification.Additionally,functional feature prompts can effectively assist 4-year-old children in correct classification.Based on these findings,this study proposes corresponding educational suggestions.