中国式现代化:一种新型现代文明形态

Chinese Modernization:A New Form of Modern Civilization

中国式现代化的实质不是在世界现代化中构建一种特殊化的中国模式,而是超越世界现代化诸多形态以重构现代化的普遍本质和理想形态。世界现代化经历了从西方一元的现代化到发展中国家多元现代化的历程。中国式现代化既要避免西方现代化的弊端,又要避免陷入现代化的相对主义泥淖,这归根到底是重建现代化的普遍本质和理想形态问题。本文尝试超越西方现代化理论家在这一问题上的西方中心主义偏见和经验主义囿限,主张现代化是从传统的农业文明向工业文明的转换。中国式现代化具有四个层面的普遍规定:技术和经济上的新型工业化道路;新型的社会、劳动以及社会管理的精细分工和权力职能系统;以完整理性为核心的现代性文化;作为现代化核心的人的现代化。对现代化普遍本质的构建具有规范性意义,既是对世界现代化的经验总结,也是一种理想建构。它贯穿着辩证理性、价值理性与工具理性相统一的理性精神。中国式现代化的普遍意义在于构建和创造一种新型现代文明形态。一方面,中国式现代化重构了世界现代化的普遍本质,破解了现代化理解的“历史”与“地理”的还原论,对世界现代化运动具有非常重要的意义;另一方面,对现代化普遍本质和理想形态的重构,破解了自近代以来中国现代化过程中的“古今中西之争”,为发展中国家处理传统与现代的关系树立了典范。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea and basic design of"the Chinese path to modernization",which is a typical form in the world modernization movement.The idea behind its basic design was to argue that the essence of the Chinese path to modernization is not to build a special Chinese model in the world modernization movement,but to transcend most forms of world modernization to reconstruct the universal essence and ideal form of modernization.The center of gravity of the world modernization movement has shifted from the monistic modernization of the West to the pluralistic modernization of developing countries.The Chinese path to modernization should not only avoid the drawbacks of Western modernization,but also avoid falling into the chaotic relativism of modernization.In the final analysis,this is the problem of reconstructing the universal essence and ideal form of modernization,and it is also an important problem which foreign modernization theorists have been considering in recent years.The idea behind its basic design also transcended the Western centralism prejudice and empiricism that limited Western modernization theorists on this issue,and it advocated that modernization is generally a kind of revolutionary transformation from traditional agricultural civilization to industrial civilization.The universal provisions of the Chinese path to modernization involves four aspects:the new road to industrialization in technology and economy;the new fine division of labor systems and power functions in society,labor,and social management;the modern culture centered by complete rationality;and the modernization of humanity as the core meta-value of modernization.The construction of the universal essence of modernization is an experiential summary of the world modernization movement as well as a kind of ideal construction which has normative significance.It prioritizes a rational spirit unified by dialectical rationality,value rationality,and instrumental rationality.The universal significance of the Chinese path to modernization lies in its construction of the basic paradigm of the new form of modern civilization.For example,it has transformed the rational core of Western modernization and replaced the one-sided instrumental rationality of Western modernization with a complete rationality;it has transformed the meta-value of Western modernization and taken human modernization,that is,the comprehensive development of human beings,as the fundamental value of the new form of modern civilization in order to replace the concept of Western modernization that takes production efficiency and capital proliferation as its fundamental values;and it has constructed an overall modernization model that takes human modernization as its meta-value and enhances material civilization,spiritual civilization,political civilization,social civilization,and ecological civilization comprehensively.It is quite meaningful to the world modernization movement.On the one hand,the Chinese path to modernization has reconstructed the universal essence of world modernization and has broken the historical and geographical reductionism on explaining modernization.On the other hand,the reconstruction of the universal essence and ideal form of modernization has solved the"ancient and modern,Chinese and Western"dispute in the modernization process of China since modern times and has set a model for handling the relationship between tradition and modernity for developing countries.These ideas are innovative.The exploration of the essence and ideal form of modernization is an unfinished task for mankind.This paper participated in the discussion of modernization issues from its own perspective.