中文“语言角色”在日本的演进与特征

The Evolution and Characteristics of Chinese“Language Role”in Japan

中文目前日本对中文流行的表述叫“中国语”,中国学术界也有表述为“汉语”,为行文方便,引用部分和固有名称保留“汉语”的表述,其他部分统称为“中文”。在海外的语言角色从一个侧面反映出中文的国际地位和影响力。历史上,中文是日本的特殊语言,对日本语言文字的发展产生了深刻的影响。近代以来,中文在日本的外语角色凸显,中文角色从“外事外语”进阶到“重要外语”。中文在日本的语言角色演进遵循一些规律:中文特殊语言角色与外语角色是对立统一的关系,中文的特殊语言角色仍然体现于日本当今的语言生活中;中文在日本的语言角色演进形成先退阶再进阶的模式,与其他外语的语言地位呈现出此消彼长的关系。中日实力对比关系的逆转是影响中文语言角色转变的关键因素,反映出语言地位和国家实力呈正相关关系。

The role of Chinese in overseas languages reflects its international status and influence from one side.Historically,Chinese was the special language of Japan,which had a profound impact on the development of Japanese language and characters.Since modern times,Chinese has played a prominent role as a foreign language in Japan,from“foreign language for foreign affairs”to“important foreign language”.The evolution of Chinese language role in Japan follows some rules:the relationship between Chinese special language role and foreign language role is unity of opposites,and the special language role of Chinese is still reflected in the language life of Japan today;the language role of Chinese in Japan has evolved into a pattern of declining first and then advancing,and the language status of other foreign languages has shown a reciprocal relationship.The reversal of the power contrast between China and Japan is the key factor of the change of the role of Chinese language,indicating that language status is positively correlated with national power.