云南主要水果比较优势和资源禀赋分析

Analysis of Advantages and Resource Endowment in Major Fruits in Yunnan Province

明晰主要水果的比较优势,对云南水果产业的可持续发展至关重要。将云南省2010—2019年果园面积、产量以及地区农业生产值等相关数据与全国的同期数据对比,计算云南5种主要水果的规模比较优势指数(SAI)、效率比较优势指数(EAI)、综合比较优势指数(CAI)和资源禀赋系数(EF)。结果表明:云南省主要水果SAI从大到小为香蕉>梨>葡萄>苹果>柑橘,其中香蕉、梨和葡萄具有规模比较优势(SAI>1),尤其是香蕉SAI高达5.69;EAI从大到小为葡萄>柑橘>香蕉>梨>苹果,其中葡萄、柑橘和香蕉具有效率比较优势(EAI>1);CAI从大到小为香蕉>葡萄>梨>柑橘>苹果,其中香蕉、葡萄和梨具备综合比较优势(CAI>1);EF从大到小为香蕉>葡萄>梨>柑橘>苹果,其中,葡萄具有一定的资源禀赋优势(1<EF<2),香蕉具有较强的资源禀赋优势(EF>2)。基于比较优势的强弱和资源禀赋的大小分析,建议在云南省的水果生产和规划中,应着重通过种植技术改良、生产要素投入等提高梨和香蕉的单产,结合土地规划、气候资源等进一步扩大葡萄的种植面积。

It`s crucial to clarify the comparative advantages of major fruits for the sustainable development of fruit industry in Yunnan.Data from 2010 to 2019 through calculation showed that five major fruits in Yunnan province have different values of scale comparative advantages(SAI),they are banana>pear>grape>apple>citrus from high to low.Of three fruits,the SAI of banana,pear and grape is higher than 1,especially banana with a SAI of 5.69.The efficiency comparative advantage(EAI)value from high to low is grape>citrus>banana>pear>apple,among them,grapes,citrus,and bananas have higher EAI(>1).The comprehensive comparative advantage(CAI)value from high to low is banana>grape>pear>citrus>apple,three fruits banana,grape and pear have higher(CAI>1).The resource endowment advantage(EF)value ranges from large to small,they are bananas>grapes>pears>citrus>apples,respectively.Of which grape has a certain resource endowment advantage(1<EF<2)and banana has a strong resource endowment advantage(EF>2).Therefore,it is suggested that pear and banana should be increased by yield per unit through technique improvement and production input,while planting area of grape to be expanded according to reasonable land planning and climate resources.