陕北地区外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发规律实验研究

Experimental Study on the Volatilization Law of Oil and Gas from External Floating Roof Crude Oil Storage Tanks in the Northern Shaanxi Region

外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发安全隐患的风险管控方式不能适应企业高质量安全发展的要求,实验研究外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发规律迫在眉睫,为了解决外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发导致的能源损耗、环境污染、安全隐患等风险,通过实验法、比较法、图示法、筛选法、归纳法等方法对洛川末站G02储罐进行1年内累计52天的现场实验。实验结果得出陕北地区外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发年、季、日、时规律(日间10 h),特别是每天13:00左右是储罐油气挥发浓度最高的时间,可达到102%LEL (爆炸下限浓度),对周边环境影响和危害较大。因此指出工作人员应在每天8:00前和18:00后上罐工作比较安全,建议给大型外浮顶原油储罐应用主动安全防护系统,以便更好地实现储罐雷击爆炸、起火、燃烧等风险事先预防管控,实现人员可随时上储罐顶安全作业。此研究发现了陕北地区外浮顶原油储罐油气挥发规律,为人员上罐安全作业指明最佳时段,为降低油罐油气挥发量提出解决方法。

The risk management method for the safety hazards of oil and gas volatilization in external floating roof crude oil storage tanks cannot meet the requirements of high-quality and safe development of enterprises.Therefore,it is very urgent and necessary to study the oil and gas volatilization law of external floating roof crude oil storage tanks.In order to solve the problems of energy loss,environmental pollution,and safety hazards caused by oil and gas volatilization from the external floating roof crude oil storage tanks,in this paper,a 52-day field experiment for G02 storage tank in Luochuan Terminal Station is carried out in a year by means of experiment,comparison,illustration,screening,and inductive method.The experimental results show the annual,seasonal,daily,and hourly regularity of oil and gas volatilization from external floating roof crude oil storage tanks in the Northern Shaanxi Region(10 hours in the daytime),especially around 13:00 every day,the highest concentration of oil and gas volatilization in the storage tank can reach 102%LEL(lower explosive limit concentration),which has great impact and harm to the surrounding environment.It is pointed out that it is safer for the personnel to load the tank before 8 o'clock and after 18 o'clock every day,and it is recommended to apply the active safety protective system technology to the large-scale floating roof oil storage tank,in order to better to prevent and control risks such as lightning explosion,fire,and combustion in advance,and ensure that people can work safely on the tank roof at any time.The main innovation of this paper is to reveal the law of oil and gas volatilization from external floating roof oil storage tanks in the Northern Shaanxi Region,which specifies the best time period for workers safely operating on external floating roof oil storage tanks and puts forward the solution method for reducing the maximum amount of oil and gas volatilization from oil tanks.