北京市孕产妇健康信息获得途径及新媒体应用现况调查

Survey on access to health information and application of new media of the maternal in Beijing

目的 了解在新媒体时代,北京市孕产妇健康信息获得途径及新媒体应用现况,为制定权威的健康教育服务提供思路。方法 2021年1月至2月,对北京市120家助产机构,每个机构至少10位孕产妇,采用电子问卷开展调查,共收集有效问卷1 502份,对数据进行统计分析。结果 孕产妇获取孕期健康知识最多的途径是手机(51.66%,776/1 502),其次是孕期门诊(20.04%,301/1 502)和孕妇学校(18.97%,285/1 502)等。所有孕产妇每天都会使用手机,其中每天使用手机<30分钟者占1.66%(25/1 502),30~60分钟者占8.92%(134/1 502),>1~3小时者占34.82%(523/1 502),>3~6小时者占38.42%(577/1 502),有16.18%(243/1 502)的孕产妇每天使用手机超过6小时。孕产妇中每天使用电脑>1~3小时者占7.99%(120/1 502),>3~6小时者占13.85%(208/1 502),还有28.96%(435/1 502)的孕产妇每天使用电脑超过6小时。孕产妇每天最喜欢浏览健康知识的时间是20∶00—22∶00点(51.33%,771/1 502)。利用知乎平台学习的孕产妇在孕中期和产后分布较多,在孕早期和孕晚期分布较少,经比较有显著性差异(χ^(2)=10.646,P<0.05)。具有不同特征的孕产妇所喜欢的健康教育形式各具特点,其中学历和所处孕产阶段分布比较均有显著性差异(χ^(2)值分别为54.901、40.180,P<0.05)。结论 新媒体时代促进了互联网+健康教育的快速发展,孕产妇主要是通过手机、孕期门诊和孕妇学校等途径获取信息;从手机获取信息的平台有微信、抖音和百度等,孕产妇最喜欢的形式有短视频,其次是专家讲课等。因此可以通过孕妇学校、新媒体的专家讲课、短视频等为孕产妇提供专业权威的孕期健康教育帮助。

Objective To understand the status of maternal health information acquisition and new media application of the maternal in Beijing during the COVID-19 epidemic,and to provide ideas for formulating authoritative health education services.Methods From January to February 2021,electronic questionnaires were used to conduct a survey in 120 midwifery institutions in Beijing,with at least 10 pregnant women in each institution.A total of 1 502 valid questionnaires were collected and the data results were statistically analyzed.Results The most common ways for pregnant women to obtain pregnancy health knowledge are cell phone,pregnancy clinic and pregnant women school(accounted for 51.66%,20.04% and 18.97%,respectively).All pregnant women used cell phones daily,with 1.66%(25/1502) using them for <30 minutes per day,8.91%(134/1 502) for 30-60 minutes,34.85%(523/1 502) for >1-3 hours,38.43%(577/1 502) for >3-6 hours,and 16.20%(243/1 502) of maternal use of cell phone more than 6 hours per day.7.96%(120/1502) of pregnant women use computer >1-3 hours per day,13.87%(208/1 502) of women use computer >3-6 hours per day,and 28.99%(435/1502) of women use computer more than 6 hours per day.The most popular time for maternal health knowledge browsing every day was 20:00-22:00 p.m.(51.33%,771/1 502).The distribution of pregnant women who used Zhihu platform to learn was more in the second trimester and postpartum,but less in the first trimester and the third trimester,with a significant difference(χ^(2)=10.646,P<0.05).The preferred health education forms for pregnant women with different characteristics had their own characteristics,and there were significant differences in the distribution of education and stage of pregnancy and delivery(χ^(2)=54.901 and 40.180,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic promoted the development of Internet + health education in the new media era.The main channels for pregnant women to obtain information are mobile phones,pregnancy clinics and schools for pregnant women.The platforms for getting information from mobile phones include wechat,Douyin,Baidu,etc.,and the most popular forms for pregnant women include short videos and lectures by experts.Therefore,pregnancy health education can provide professional and authoritative help for pregnant women through pregnant women schools,expert lectures and short videos through new media.