基于CRISPR/Cas系统的核酸生物传感器

CRISPR/Cas-based Biosensors for Nucleic Acid Detection

近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统已经成为转录调控和基因组编辑的重要工具。除了在基因编辑领域的贡献,CRISPR/Cas系统独特的靶核酸顺式切割和非特异性单链核酸反式切割能力,在开发核酸检测的新型生物传感器方面展现出巨大潜力。构建基于CRISPR/Cas系统高灵敏度生物传感器的关键通常依赖其与不同信号扩增策略,诸如核酸扩增技术或特定信号转导方法的结合。基于此,本文旨在通过介绍不同类型的CRISPR/Cas系统,全面概述基于该系统的核酸检测生物传感器的研究进展,并重点对结合核酸扩增技术(PCR、LAMP、RCA、RPA和EXPAR)、灵敏的信号转导方法(电化学和表面增强拉曼光谱)和特殊结构设计生物传感的三大类型信号放大策略的CRISPR/Cas生物传感器进行总结和评论。最后,本文对目前的挑战以及未来的前景进行展望。

Over the last few years,CRISPR/Cas system has become a prominent tool in transcription regulation and genome editing.In addition,CRISPR/Cas system has shown remarkable potentials in developing novel biosensors for nucleic acid detection due to its unique capability for collateral cleavage of target nucleic acids and non-specific single stranded nucleic acids.The key to constructing highly sensitive CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensor usually relies on its combination with signal amplification strategies including nucleic acid amplification technologies or specific signal read-out methods.Thus,this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection by introducing different types of CRISPR/Cas system,highlighting the progress of signal amplification strategies used in CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensor along with nucleic acid amplification technologies(PCR,LAMP,RCA,RPA and EXPAR),sensitive signal transduction methods(electrochemical,and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy),and special biosensing structure design.Current challenges and future prospective are discussed as well.