“双碳”目标下煤炭安全生产法律制度问题初探——以山西省为例

A Preliminary Study on the Problems in the Legal System of Coal Safety Production under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals——Take Shanxi Province as an Example

在“双碳”目标下,既要发挥煤炭产业的保供和能源兜底作用,又要促进煤炭生产低碳清洁高效发展,现阶段煤炭生产事故发生死亡比例有所下降,但仍没有达到“零死亡”的目标,究其原因主要是从事煤炭安全生产的人员安全意识差,安全培训不到位;监督人员和负责人的安全责任和管理职责没有落到实处。因此必须落实煤炭安全生产,发挥好各项法律制度的作用。虽然我国煤炭安全生产法律制度已初步建立,但仍存在一些问题,如相关罪名法定刑设置过低、刑罚主体和手段单一、刑法和行政法认定标准不统一等,文章通过案例分析法和比较研究法试图提出相应解决的办法,包括增加单位为犯罪主体,提高法定刑幅度,增设罚金刑,整合部门法,做好行政执法和刑事司法的衔接以保障煤炭的安全生产。

Under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals,we should not only exert the role of coal industry in ensuring supply and energy resources,but also promote the low-carbon,clean and efficient development of coal production.At the present stage,the death rate of accidents has decreased somewhat,but still has not achieved the goal of “zero death”,which generally results from the weak safety awareness of the personnel engaged in coal safety production,and inadequate safety training and management responsibilities of supervisors.Therefore,we must carry out the safety production of coal and completely implement the various legal systems.Although the legal system of coal safety production has been preliminarily established in China,there are still some problems,such as too low legal penalty for relevant charges,single subject and means of penalty,inconsistent standards of criminal law and administrative law.Through case analysis and comparative study,this paper attempts to put forward some solutions,including increasing the number of units as subject of crime,enhancing the range of legal punishment,adding fine penalty,and integrating the department law and well coordinating the administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to ensure the safety of coal production.