形式美法则在历史景观视觉评估中的运用

Application of Formal Beauty Rules in Visual Evaluation of Historical Landscapes

城市的快速发展,对历史景观视觉美感造成了破坏。将形式美学运用于历史景观视觉的评估与保护,以宿州市灵璧县正学书院和世纪碑广场为例进行了研究。将形式美学归纳创新,形成了6大美学法则及12个评估因子,通过层次分析法(AHP)构成了评估指标体系。将研究区域划分成50 m×50 m的网格并分别进行编号,每个网格拍摄1张图像代表该网格区域的景观情况,采用评估指标体系,通过问卷调研对每个网格图像进行打分评估,并对评分低的图像进行了分析,找出导致其评分低的因素。结果表明:正学书院视觉分数较差的网格为网格1、2、4,影响评分低的因素为对比和谐、比例尺度和变化统一;世纪碑广场分数较差的网格为网格1、2、3、12,影响评分低的因素为节奏韵律和联想意境。结合评估分数及影响因素,从形式美法则出发对历史景观提出了针对性的设计与保护建议。

The rapid development of the city has caused damage to the visual beauty of historical landscapes.This paper applies formal aesthetics to the evaluation and protection of historical landscape vision,and takes Suzhou Lingbi County Zhengxue Academy and Century Monument Square as examples for practice.The formal aesthetics is summarized and innovated.Six formal beauty rules and twelve evaluation factors are formed,and the evaluation index system is formed through the analytic hierarchy method(AHP).The research area was divided into 50mx50m grids and numbered separately.Each grid took one image representing the landscape of the grid area,and the evaluation index system was adopted to score and evaluate each grid image through questionnaire research.The low-scoring images were analyzed to find out the factors leading to its low score.Finally,it is concluded that the grids with poor visual scores of Zhengxue College are grids 1,2 and 4,and the factors affecting the low score are contrast harmony,scale and change unity.The grids with poor scores in Century Monument Square were grids 1,2,3 and 12,and the factors affecting the low scores were rhythm and associative artistic conception.Combined with the evaluation score and influencing factors,the design and protection suggestions of the historical landscape are proposed from the formal beauty rules.