论“以国际法为基础的国际秩序”的规则观

On the Perception of Rules of“InternationalL aw-Based International Order”

“以国际法为基础的国际秩序”(ILBIO)和“基于规则的国际秩序”(RBIO)引发了国际秩序规则观的争论。国际秩序规则观是国家对国际秩序规范基础的正当状态的认知和立场,其指向关于“世界如何被组织起来”的秩序承诺,在形式和内容上分别呈现整体性和根本性。规则观及其差异在国际法的层次结构中展开,“秩序规则”和“承认规则”是规则观争论的焦点。从理论上看,ILBIO规则观遵循秩序权力的分散平等化,服务共同体利益的制度塑造,强调单边措施的规范约束。在危机与融合的秩序张力下,规则观形成对立状态,ILBIO和RBIO在法治诉求、秩序方法论和价值导向等层面存在差异。RBIO语义之下潜藏着权力任意性和浓重的意识形态色彩,ILBIO强调以国家合意、形式法治和实质发展性为特征的国际法治。

The“International Law-Based International Order”(ILBIO)and“Rules-Based International Order”(RBIO)have sparked debates on the normative foundation of current international order.The perception of rules for international order is a nation's understanding and stance on the legitimacy of the rules governing international relations.It points to the commitments regarding“how the world is organized”,and therefore it is holistic in form and fundamental in contents.The perception of rules and their contest unfold in the hierarchical structure of international law,and“rules of order”and“rules of recognition”are the focuses of arguments on perception of rules.ILBIO requires that the states conform to the decentralization and equalization of legitimate power,contribute to shared interests of the international community,and restrict the unlawful employment of unilateral measures.By adopting different presumptions toward the prospects of international order,ILBIO and RBIO present opposite views on the normative objectives,methods of developing international order as well as their value orientation.Under its nominal meaning,RBIO shows arbitrariness of power and strong liberal ideology.ILBIO leads to the rule of international law characterized by consensus,formal rule of law,and substantive development.