基于视频同步的我国优秀铅球运动员投掷技术优化诊断与分析

Throwing Technology Diagnosis and Analysis of Chinese Elite Shot Putters Based on the Video Synchronization

目的高水平铅球运动员普遍存在着技术发挥不稳定导致成绩起伏波动的情况,以陕西省优秀铅球运动员冯杰投掷技术为例进行分析,期待能为高水平铅球运动员改善技术提供参考。方法使用高速摄像对冯杰的技术动作先进行拍摄,通过视频同步的方法对3次的投掷视频进行同步对比,并快速进行技术差异性分析,为教练和队员提供参考,再通过数据解析获得准确的定量数据对具体原因进行科学合理的解释。结果腾空阶段冯杰3次投掷时左臂的内收角度存在差异,左躯干扭紧程度存在差异;过渡阶段末3次投掷的投掷臂右肩、右髋的速度存在差异;最后用力阶段3次投掷下肢蹬伸结束时躯干转过的角度存在差异,最后用力阶段滞空前右肘关节的角度存在明显差异。结论视频同步可以快速找到投掷距离较近的初步原因,可以在日常的训练监测中为教练提供参考;冯杰腾空阶段的左臂内收以及左躯干扭紧差异与后续的几个阶段的动作技术差异有着紧密的关系,是可以改变的初始技术差异;高水平运动员也普遍存在投掷成绩不稳定的现象,分阶段进行运动学参数的对比找到成绩不稳的原因是常见的分析方法,而按照“前后联动”的逻辑关系,找到对后续阶段的动作技术有影响的且可以改变的初始差异才具有一定的针对性。

Objective The high-level shot-put athletes often experience unstable technical performance leading to fluctuations in their results.This study analyzes the case of Feng Jie’s shot-put technique,aiming to provide insights that could improve the technique for other high-level shot-put athletes.Methods The high-speed cameras were used to record Feng Jie’s technical actions.The videos of three throws were synchronized and compared using video analysis methods.Rapid analysis of technical differences was conducted to provide reference information for coaches and athletes.Further,quantitative data analysis was performed to provide a scientific explanation for specific reasons.Results In the flight phase,Feng Jie exhibited differences in the angle of internal rotation of the left arm and the degree of twist in the left trunk.In the end of transition phase,there were differences in the speed of the throwing arm’s right shoulder and right hip among the three throws.In the final exertion phase,differences were observed in the angle of trunk rotation at the end of the lower limb’s extension and the angle of the right elbow joint just before take-off.Conclusion The video synchronization allows for a quick identification of initial factors contributing to throw distance and can be a valuable tool for coaches during routine training monitoring.This study revealed a close relationship between differences in Feng Jie’s left arm internal rotation and left trunk twist during the take-off phase and subsequent technical differences.These initial differences can be modified,and understanding them could lead to more stable performance.High-level athletes often face inconsistent performance,and analyzing kinetic parameters in different phases to identify the reasons for this inconsistency is a common approach.However,it is feasible to find initial differences that influence subsequent technical phases and can be modified according to the“linkage”logic.