深化教师精准培训改革:概念模型与实施路径

Deepening the Reform of Accurate Training for Teachers:Conceptual Model and Implementation Path

从供给侧结构性改革视角看,我国教师培训经历了“补数量”“补短板”“促发展”“促均衡”几个发展阶段,目前进入“促创新”的变革期。深化精准培训改革面临的关键问题是:教师培训要如何突破,如何创新?供给侧结构性改革强调从技术要素与制度要素发力;教育数字化战略以及教师专业发展的循证理论、复杂系统理论则从不同视角强调了以大数据驱动的循证理念来引领突破与创新。教师精准培训的概念模型以按需、个性和循证三个特征要素为核心,包括微观层面的培训设计精准、中观层面的培训服务精准和宏观层面的培训治理精准三个层面。教师精准培训实施路径将教师精准培训改革分为意识期、探索期、成熟期和深化期四个阶段,每个发展阶段有其代表性特征、着力点和循证依据。

From the perspective of the Supply-side Structural Reform,teacher training in China has entered a period of change from filling up the gap in quantity,competence,development,and balance to filling up the inno-vation gap.The challenge faced by the deepened reform of accurate training lies in how teacher training can make a breakthrough and how innovation can be made.The Supply-side Structural Reform emphasizes priorities given to technological elements and systems.However,the evidence-based theory and complex system theory of the digital education strategy and professional development of teachers stress the evidence-based concept driven by big data to lead breakthroughs and innovation.The conceptual model of accurate training centers on the three characteristic ele-ments of on-demand,individuality and evidence-based,and includes three levels:accurate training design at the mi-cro level,accurate training services at the meso level,and accurate training governance at the macro level.The im-plementation path of accurate training divides the reform and development of accurate training into four stages:awareness period,exploration period,maturity period,and deepening period.Each development stage has its repre-sentative characteristics,focus points and evidence-based basis.