海南闽语声调演变补论

A Supplementary Study on the Tone Evolution of the Min Dialect in Hainan

在海南闽语音系的描写成果中,有些成果记录了一个“高去”调类,有些成果并没有记录此调类。文章通过排查不同时期的记音材料,分析其音系处理,认为海南闽语的“高去”不同时期内涵不同,原本只包括古去声字,属于文读音,但是,随着舒化入声字混入,其内涵复杂化,直至最后舒化入声字占据主流。海南闽语古去声字的演变有一条很特殊的规则,即“浊去归阴平”,文章通过方言历史比较,发现“浊去归阴平”是早期音变规则,源自福建闽语,后来又从通语传入“浊上归去”音变规则,二者在海南闽语中形成竞争关系,此消彼长。

In the description of the Min dialect phonetics in Hainan,some achievements record a"Gaoqu"tone category,while others do not record this tone category.Based on a survey of the phonological data in different periods and an analysis of their phonological processing,this paper opines that the connotation of the"Gaoqu"tone in the Min dialect of Hainan is different in diverse periods,for originally it only included the early Qu tone,which fell within the literary reading,but with the integration of the entering tone which release its codas,its conno⁃tation became complex,and ultimately,the characters of the entering tone became dominant.There is a very spe⁃cial rule in the evolution of the ancient Chinese characters Qu tone in Min dialect of Hainan,that is,"the early voiced Qu tone goes to the first tone".Through a historical comparison of dialects,it is found that"the early voiced Qu tone goes to the first tone",which was an early phonetic change rule and originated from the Min dialect in Fu⁃jian,was later used along with another phonetic change of"the early voiced Shang tone to Qu tone"introduced from Mandarin,and that the two phonetic change rules form a competitive relationship in the Min dialect of Hainan,with one decreasing and the other growing in importance alternatively.