美国“关键矿产”的安全战略及启示

U.S.“Critical Minerals”Security Strategy and Implications

矿产资源已成为国家安全的保障与地缘政治博弈的工具。近年来,美国重视新兴产业与国防安全,因此其在国家安全战略中越来越关注关键矿产的安全性。特朗普政府和拜登政府均出台了一系列鼓励开采与加工技术发展的矿产资源政策,定期审查并更新《关键矿产清单》。出于对未来新能源产业的布局和矿产资源供应安全的考量,《2022年关键矿产清单》中新增加了镍和锌两种矿产。重点分析了从特朗普政府到拜登政府的矿产资源政策演变规律,挖掘了美国制定《关键矿产清单》的考量因素。

Mineral resources have become a guarantee of national security and a tool for geopolitical gaming.In recent years,the U.S.has attached great importance to emerging industries and national defense security,and has further reinforced the importance of critical minerals in its national security strategy.The Trump and Biden administrations have introduced a series of policies on mineral resource which encourage the development of extraction and processing technologies.Besides,the List of Critical Minerals is required to be reviewed and updated regularly.The addition of nickel and zinc to the 2022 Critical Minerals List is due to the future layout of the new energy industry and the security of mineral resources supply.This paper focuses on the evolution of mineral resources policy from the Trump administration to the Biden administration,and explores the indicators behind the U.S.List of Critical Minerals.