中国籽实和饲草大麦种植土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil N and Recommended Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Grain and Forage Barley in China

为了给我国大麦种植测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展我国大麦种植土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明,我国大麦土壤碱解氮质量分数第1~7级丰缺指标依次为>300、245~300、188~244、132~187、76~131、19~75、<19 mg/kg;土壤全氮质量分数第1~7级丰缺指标依次为>3.7、3.1~3.7、2.4~3.0、1.6~2.3、0.9~1.5、0.2~0.8、<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质质量分数第1~7级丰缺指标依次为>65.4、53.0~65.4、40.5~52.9、28.0~40.4、15.5~27.9、3.0~15.4、<3.0 g/kg。当氮肥利用率为30%~50%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm^(2)籽实大麦第1~7级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、16~65、31~130、47~195、62~260、78~325、94~390 kg/hm^(2);目标产量6~15 t/hm^(2)干草大麦第1~7级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、19~80、38~160、58~240、77~320、96~400、115~480 kg/hm^(2);目标产量15~45 t/hm^(2)青贮大麦第1~7级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、17~84、34~168、50~252、67~336、84~420、101~504 kg/hm^(2)。基于此,初步建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦种植测土施氮奠定了科学基础。

To provide scientific basis for soil testing and N fertilizer recommendation of barley,an algorithm for scattered experimental data integration and the new applied formula based on the methods of nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield were used to study the abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil N and the recommended nitrogen fertilizer application rate(RNFAR)for barley in China.The results show that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for barley in China from the first to the seventh level are>300,245~300,188~244,132~187,76~131,19~75 and<19 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil total nitrogen from the first to the seventh level are>3.7,3.1~3.7,2.4~3.0,1.6~2.3,0.9~1.5,0.2~0.8 and<0.2 g/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil organic matter from the first to seventh level are>65.4,53.0~65.4,40.5~52.9,28.0~40.4,15.5~27.9,3.0~15.4 and<3.0 g/kg,respectively.When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season(NFUEICS)is 30%~50%and the target yield of barley is 3~7.5 t/hm^(2),the ranges of the RNFAR for the 1~7 abundance-deficiency level from high to low are 0,16~65,31~130,47~195,62~260,78~325 and 94~390 kg/hm^(2),respectively.When the NFUEICS is 30%~50%and the target yield of barley is 6~15 t/hm^(2),the ranges of the RNFAR for the 1~7 abundance-deficiency level from high to low are 0,19~80,38~160,58~240,77~320,96~400 and 115~480 kg/hm^(2),respectively.When the NFUEICS is 30%~50%and the target yield of barley is 15~45 t/hm^(2),the ranges of the RNFAR for the 1~7 abundance-deficiency level from high to low are 0,17~84,34~168,50~252,67~336,84~420 and 101~504 kg/hm^(2),respectively.In this study,the recommended fertilization system of soil N for grain and forage barley in China was initially established,and it can lay a scientific foundation for soil testing and nitrogen fertilizer recommendation of barley in China.