爱国主义在《共产党宣言》中的四重维度

The Fourfold Dimension of Patriotism in The Communist Manifesto

马克思和恩格斯虽然并未在《共产党宣言》中专门探讨爱国主义议题,但却在文本中勾勒出了爱国主义的总体轮廓。《共产党宣言》中爱国主义观的内涵具有多义性和丰富性,需要根据时间和空间的不同予以多维度解读。这具体表现为:在价值维度上,站在无产阶级立场上,宣布“工人没有祖国”;在时间维度上,批判现实资本主义国家的爱国主义意识形态,肯定过渡时期无产阶级的国家政权需要维护;在空间维度上,反对民族压迫,支持被压迫民族的解放运动;在超越维度上,号召无产者超越爱国主义强调的民族国家界限,实现世界范围的广泛联合。新时代中国仍然需要加强爱国主义教育,铸牢民族共同体意识,建立巩固的爱国统一战线,将马克思主义的爱国主义观与当代中国社会发展的具体阶段相结合。

Although Marx and Engels did not specifically discuss the topic of patriotism in The Communist Manifesto,they summarized the general outline of patriotism in the text.The connotation of the concept of patriotism in The Communist Manifesto is polysemous and rich,which should be interpreted in multiple dimensions according to the differences of time and space.This is manifested in the following aspects:in the value dimension,it stands on the position of the proletariat and declares that“the workers have no fatherland”;in the time dimension,it criticizes the patriotic ideology of the realistic capitalist countries and affirms the need to maintain the state power of the proletariat in the transitional period;in the space dimension,it opposes national oppression and supports the liberation movement of the oppressed nations;in the transcendental dimension,it calls on proletarians to transcend the boundaries of the nation-state emphasized by patriotism and to realize a broad worldwide union.Now in the new era,China still needs to strengthen patriotic education,reinforce a strong sense of national community,establish a consolidated patriotic united front,and integrate the Marxist view of patriotism with the specific stage of social development in contemporary China.