细辛、白薇、徐长卿、八角枫四种易混淆根类中药综合鉴别研究

Comprehensive Identification of Four Kinds of Easily Confusing Chinese Medicinal Roots:Xixin(Asari Radix et Rhizoma),Baiwei(Cynanchi Atrati Radix et Rhizoma),Xuchangqing(Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma)and Bajiaofeng(Alangiaceae Radix)

目的:研究建立细辛、白薇、徐长卿、八角枫四种易混淆根类中药的综合鉴别方法。方法:综合应用性状、显微、理化、生物方法对上述四种易混淆根类中药进行鉴别研究。结果:四种中药性状鉴别在形状、颜色、质地方面相似,但气味是鉴别要点;显微鉴别可通过草酸钙结晶、石细胞、导管等组织构造进行区分;理化鉴别中四种药材提取液的紫外和三维荧光光谱图差异明显;DNA条形码分子鉴别可将细辛、八角枫、白薇(或徐长卿)区分开,但白薇与徐长卿亲缘关系较近,无法区分。结论:综合应用性状、显微、理化、生物等多种手段利于鉴别细辛、白薇、徐长卿、八角枫四种易混淆根类中药。

Objective:To establish a comprehensive identification method for four kinds of easily confusing Chinese medicinal roots:Xixin(Asari Radix et Rhizoma),Baiwei(Cynanchi Atrati Radix et Rhizoma),Xuchang-qing(Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma)and Bajiaofeng(Alangiaceae Radix).Methods:The identification of four kinds of easily confusing Chinese medicinal roots was carried out by comprehensive application of traits,microscopic,physicochemical and biological methods.Results:The four Chinese medicinal traits were similar in shape,color and texture,but odor was the key point of identification.Microscopic identification can be distinguished by calcium oxalate crystals,stone cells,ducts and other tissue structures.In the physical and chemical identification,the ultraviolet and 3D fluorescence spectra of the extracts of the four medicinal materials were significantly different.DNA barcoding molecular identification could distinguish Xixin,Bajiaofeng and Baiwei(or Xuchangqing),but Baiwei and Xuchangqing could not be distinguished because of their close genetic relationship.Conclusion:We can identify the four easily confusing Chinese medicinal roots,Xixin,Baiwei,Xuchangqing and Bajiaofeng,by means of traits,microscopic,physicochemical and biological methods methods.