饲料糖脂比对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、淀粉酶活性和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratio on Growth Performance,Amylase and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Litopenaeus vannamei

试验以0.81 g凡纳滨对虾仔虾为对象,研究在盐度30 mg/kg条件下饲料糖脂比对凡纳滨对虾生长、生理生化指标及体组成的影响。试验配制6种等氮等能饲料,蛋白水平为41%,糖脂比分别为4.01∶1、3.29∶1、2.78∶1、2.21∶1、1.75∶1、1.42∶1。每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾虾。结果显示:①投喂糖脂比为3.29∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾成活率显著高于糖脂比为2.21∶1、1.42∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。投喂糖脂比为2.78∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾特定生长率显著高于糖脂比为4.01∶1、3.29∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。②投喂糖脂比为4.01∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾淀粉酶活性显著高于糖脂比为1.75∶1、1.42∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。投喂糖脂比为4.01∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾己糖激酶活性显著高于其余各组。投喂糖脂比为3.29∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾肝糖原显著高于糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。③投喂糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾血蛋白浓度显著高于糖脂比为1.75∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。投喂糖脂比为4.01∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾血糖含量显著高于糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。④投喂糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾胆固醇含量显著高于糖脂比为4.01∶1、3.29∶1、2.78∶1、2.21∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。投喂糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾三酰甘油含量显著高于糖脂比为4.01∶1和2.21∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。投喂糖脂比为1.42∶1的饲料组凡纳滨对虾粗脂肪含量显著高于糖脂比为4.01∶1、3.29∶1、2.78∶1的饲料组(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾最适淀粉和脂肪需求分别为18.97%和6.83%,最适糖脂比为2.78∶1。

The experiment was conducted using 0.81 g Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae as the subjects to study carbohydrate to lipid ratio in the feed on the growth,physiological and biochemhe effects of differentical indices,and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei under a salinity of 30 mg/kg.Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds were prepared,with a protein level of 41%and carbohydrate-lipid ratios of 4.01∶1,3.29∶1,2.78∶1,2.21∶1,1.75∶1,and 1.42∶1,respectively.Each group had 3 replicates,with 30 shrimps in each replicate.The results showed that:the survival rate of Litopenaeus vanna⁃mei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 3.29∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 2.21∶1 and 1.42∶1(P<0.05).The specific growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 2.78∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1 and 3.29∶1(P<0.05).The amylase activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate�lipid ratio of 4.01∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 1.75∶1 and 1.42∶1(P<0.05).The hexokinase activity of Litopenaeus van⁃namei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 4.01∶1 was significantly higher than the other groups.The liver glycogen content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 3.29∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 1.42∶1(P<0.05).The blood protein concentration of Litope⁃naeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.75∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 1.42∶1(P<0.05).The blood glucose content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 4.01∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 1.42∶1(P<0.05).The cholesterol content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1,3.29∶1,2.78∶1,and 2.21∶1(P<0.05).The triacylglycerol content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with a carbohydrate-lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with a ratio of 4.01∶1 and 2.21∶1(P<0.05).Moreover,the crude fat content of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with carbohydrate to lipid ratio of 1.42∶1 was significantly higher than those fed with ratios of 4.01∶1,3.29∶1,and 2.78∶1(P<0.05).The results of the experiment showed that the optimal starch and fat requirements for Litopenaeus vannamei were 18.97%and 6.83%,respectively,and the optimal carbohydrate to lipid ratio was 2.78∶1.