敦煌文学研究的困境和出路

The Predicament and Future of Dunhuang Literary Research

近十余年,敦煌文学研究进入一个瓶颈阶段,研究队伍萎缩,研究成果也较少。要改变这种情况,需要对敦煌文学的内涵进行更为深入的思考。过去的研究强调文学作品,而忽视了文学活动和文学思想的开拓和研究。文学活动是文学研究的重要内容。敦煌遗书和图像中有关婚丧嫁娶、祈福驱傩、结社订约、讲唱娱乐、俗讲化缘等各种世俗仪式和宗教仪式记录,都与文学的生成有密切关系。文学思想研究以写本文学和文学活动为中心,探讨作者和写本制作者的经历和心理、作品的体制、写本的制作等,挖掘其思想与审美的融合,呈现“写本时期”中国文学传播的生态。

In the past ten or so years,research on the literature of Dunhuang has reached a bottleneck that has resulted in significantly smaller research teams and noticeably fewer research results.In order to resolve this predicament,it is necessary to deeply consider the meaning and extent of Dunhuang literature.Previous research has paid more attention to analyzing literary works and neglected the development and study of other activities rich with literary content,as well as the thinking reflected in these texts.Literary activities are an important part of this field of research,and Dunhuang documents and visual images contain many records relating to both secular and religious ceremonieswhose content is fertile ground for the techniques of literary research,including marriage,funerals,prayers for blessings,exorcism,the founding of associations,creating contracts,public performances and entertainment,writing and delivering sermons and asking for alms.On the other hand,there are multiple angles of study that would benefit research on the thinking reflected in literary works.The author proposes that a focus on transcript documents and other literary activities,the experiences and psychology of ancient authors,and the styles and manufacturing processes used to produce manuscripts are all vital areas of Dunhuang literary research.Finally,it is only through an open exploration of the relationship between literary thought and aesthetics that a more nuanced and comprehensive representation of the ecology of ancient Chinese literary documents will become clear.