遗址性博物馆景观叙事与游客认同建构——以昭君博物院为例

Landscape narrative and construction of tourist identity in heritage museums:Case of the Zhaojun Museum

作为见证历史发展变迁的场域和载体,遗址性博物馆在弘扬中华传统文化、促进公众认同建构等方面具有重要作用。选取内蒙古呼和浩特昭君博物院为研究对象,运用叙事分析法、半结构化访谈、内容分析法等研究方法,探讨遗址性博物馆的景观叙事、游客认同建构路径以及游客反应。研究表明,昭君博物院的景观叙事包含叙事建筑、叙事参照、叙事主题和叙事经验四种叙事类型,通过组织控制对不同景观的排序、组合、命名表达讲述者自身的立场与价值观。建筑、展馆、展品和展演成为故事叙述者(博物院)与受述者(游客)之间的核心景观。游客通过解读景观叙事,产生其自身的价值认同、民族认同和情感认同,成为重构昭君故事的核心要素。文中研究对于推动游客建立文化自信、激发民族认同以及优化博物馆旅游体验具有显著的理论价值和现实意义。

Functioning as arenas and carriers that bear witness to the historical development and transformations,site museums hold significant implications in the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture and the facilitation of identity construction.This study investigates the Zhaojun Museum in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia as a research subject,applies qualitative research methods,such as narrative analysis,semi-structured interviews,and textual content analysis to explore the landscape narrative,identity construction pathways,and visitor responses within the realm of site museums.The research findings demonstrate that the landscape narrative of the Zhaojun Museum encompasses four distinct narrative types:narrative architecture,narrative reference,narrative theme,and narrative experience.Through deliberate organization and control,involving the sequencing,amalgamation,and denomination of diverse landscapes,the museum articulates the position and values of its narrators.The architectural structures,exhibition halls,exhibited artifacts,and staged performances assume pivotal roles as core landscapes,mediate between the storytellers(the museum)and the recipients(the visitors).By interpreting the landscape narrative,visitors engender their own sense of value identification,ethnic affiliation,and emotional resonance,constituting essential elements in the reconstitution of the Zhaojun story.This study holds significant theoretical value and practical significance in promoting visitors'cultural confidence,stimulating national identity,and enhancing the museum tourism experience.