基于2013—2021年中国综合社会调查纵向数据的中老年人健康状况及时空分布特征研究

Based on longitudinal data of China General Social Survey from 2013 to 2021,health status and temporal distribution characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people in China were studied

目的 探究中老年人的健康状况及时空分布特征,为优化我国中老年人的健康状况提供相关依据。方法 利用2013—2021年中国综合社会调查纵向数据,对基本特征使用χ^(2)检验进行分析,对中老年人健康状况的影响因素进行Pearson线性相关分析,构建中老年人健康状况影响因素社会经济学回归模型,对健康状况的时间变化进行趋势性检验,对健康状况的空间分布进行空间相关和聚类分析。结果 中国中老年人身体健康状况和心理健康状况均受教育水平、城乡、主观社会阶层的影响,受教育水平低(β=0.140,β=0.088)、农村(β=0.265,β=0.207)且自评社会阶层较低(β=0.104,β=0.099)的中老年人的健康状况较差(P<0.001)。2013—2021年中老年人群健康状况总体呈现下降趋势。甘肃、宁夏、云南、重庆等省(自治区、直辖市)中老年人健康状况较差,江苏、浙江、河北、陕西、四川等省中老年人健康状况空间自相关显著(Z>1.96,P<0.05),呈现高-高聚集的特征。结论 我国中老年人健康状况的社会经济学差异明显,健康状况随时间变化有所改变,东部地区中老年人的健康状况明显优于中部、西部地区,呈现“东部-中部-西部”阶梯式逐渐降低的特征。

Objective To explore the health status and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people,in order to provide relevant basis for optimizing the health status of middle-aged and elderly people.Methods Using the longitudinal data of China General Social Survey from 2013 to 2021,Chi-square test was conducted on the basic characteristics,Pearson linear correlation analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of the health status of middle-aged and elderly people,and socioeconomic regression model of influencing factors of the health status of middle-aged and elderly people was built to test the trend of the time change of the health status.Spatial correlation and cluster analysis were carried out for spatial distribution.Results The physical and mental health status of the middle-aged and elderly in China were affected by education level,urban and rural areas and subjective social class.The educational level was low(β=0.140,β=0.088),the rural area was low(β=0.265,β=0.207),and the self-rated social class was low(β=0.104,β=0.099)had poorer health status(P<0.001).From the point of view of time,the health status of middle-aged and elderly people generally presents a downward trend.From the perspective of space,the health status of middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu,Ningxia,Yunnan,Chongqing and other provinces(municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions)was poor,while the spatial autocorrelation of health status of middle-aged and elderly people in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hebei,Shaanxi,Sichuan and other provinces was significant(O<Moran'sI<1,Z>1.96,P<0.05),showing the characteristics of high-high aggregation.ConclusionnThere are significant socioeconomic differences in the health status of middle and old people in China,and their health status changes with time.The health status of middle and old people in eastern China is obviously better than that in central and western China,showing a"east-centralwest"step pattern of gradual decline.