从“关系客体”到“关系主体”:人工智能时代学习者培育困境及其关系重构

From "Object in Relation" to "Subject in Relation":Dilemma and Relation Reconstruction of Learner Cultivation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

“以学习者为中心”存在以学习者作为“关系客体”和“关系主体”两种类型。在“关系客体”的学习者培育中,技术作用于学习者,学生是被隔离、被管束、被裹挟的对象;在“关系主体”的学习者培育中,技术为学习者赋能,学习者借助技术突破认知局限、提高行动意愿和实现智慧选择。当前教育场域中智能技术与教师相结合,使教学关系中的教师居于绝对主导地位,易于扩大自身优势,习于构设封闭场域,以技术为中介的学习者培育将其困于“关系客体”之中,学习者逐渐丧失主体性。人工智能时代的学习者培育须以智能技术为学习者赋能,为教师主导行为设立边界,重构与他者、技术、环境之间的关系,通过创设学习空间以帮助学习者连接多重学习网络,备设学习图谱以协助学习者制订未来学习计划,置设学习支架以辅助学习者驾驭完整学习过程,推动学习者培育从“关系客体”到“关系主体”的转型。

There are two types of “learner as center” which are learner as “object in relation” and “subject in relation”.In terms of “object in relation”,technology acts on learners,and students are isolated,regulated and coerced objects.In terms of “subject in relation”,technology empowers learners,and learners use technology to break through cognitive limitations,improve willingness to take action,and achieve intelligent choices.In current educational field,“human-machine integration” is mostly the integration of intelligent technology and teachers.Technology has gradually evolved into a tool for shaping students,“isolating”,“controlling”,and “coercing” students to “efficiently” achieve expected teaching goals,making learners become “object in relation”.Learners in the era of artificial intelligence should actively construct principal-subordinate relationship with object and shifting towards “subject in relation” is the goal of cultivating learners in the era.This requires learners to be able to use technological feedback to break through the cognitive limitations of subject,utilize technological upgrades to enhance subject's willingness to take action,and use technological prediction to achieve subject's intelligent choice.Analyzing the dilemma of transitioning from “object in relation” to “subject in relation”,it was found that the rapid iteration and upgrading of technology have crossed the reasonable boundaries of teacher-student relationship,resulting in imbalance in teacher-student relationship.Due to the absolute dominant position of teachers in teaching relation,they are prone to expanding their advantages and are accustomed to constructing closed fields.The cultivation of learners through technological intermediaries traps them in “object in relation”,and learners gradually lose their subjectivity.Therefore,the cultivation requires the use of intelligent technology to empower learners,establish boundaries for teacher-led behavior,and reconstruct relation with others,technology,and environment.Creating learning space and expanding the dimension of student-student interaction can help connect learners with multiple learning networks and reconstruct their relation with others,designing learning map and strengthening the autonomous application of technology can assist learners in formulating learning plans and reconstructing the relation between technology,and setting up learning scaffolds and getting close to real-life scenarios can help learners grasp complete learning process and reconstruct their relation with environment.In the era of intelligent technology,with the coexistence and integration of human and technology,it is an inevitable requirement to help learners move towards “subject in relation”.The goal of education is to teach learners to master technology as subjects to reconstruct various relation.Reconstructing teaching relation through intelligent technology and promoting the transformation of learner cultivation from “object in relation” to “subject in relation” are important path to alleviate the subject dilemma of learner cultivation.This is the main direction of educators in the new era and also an important task for learner cultivation in the future.