工业化以来西欧的“乡村城市化”

"Rural Urbanization"in Western Europe since Industrialization

对于工业化以来西欧的“乡村城市化”,应当按照马克思相关论述从三个维度予以认识:其一是马克思所强调的乡村从属于城市、城市实现对乡村的支配;其二是马克思曾亲历的乡村地区城镇化、乡村人口日益城市化,包括乡村人口向城市大规模集中和转移的现象;其三是乡村城市化也蕴含乡村生活方式和经济社会关系等“类”城市化、城乡平等融合并一体化发展的走向。对西欧“乡村城市化”的认识不能停留于字面,应在领会马克思论述之精髓的基础上,深刻认识工业化时代乡村从属于城市的实质,切实吸取乡村受到冲击和损害的教训,充分肯定乡村城市化对于推进城市化的意义,积极把握城乡平等融合且一体化发展的走向。

The“rural urbanization”of Western Europe since industrialization should be understood along three dimensions,in accordance with the relevant Marxian thesis.The first is Marx's emphasis on the subordination of the countryside to the city and the city's realization of its domination over the countryside.The second is the phenomenon of the urbanization of rural areas and the increasing urbanization of rural populations,including the large-scale concentration and transfer of rural populations to the cities that Marx had experienced.The third is that rural urbanization also implies a“quasi-”urbanization of rural lifestyles and economic and social relations,as well as an equal integration of urban and rural areas and an integrated approach to development.The understanding of rural urbanization in Western Europe should not be taken literally,but should be based on understanding the essence of Marx's thesis,on a deep understanding of the essence of the subordination of the countryside to the city in the era of industrialization,on learning the lessons of the impact and damage to the countryside,on a full affirmation of the significance of rural urbanization for the advancement of urbanization,and on positively grasping the direction of equal urban-rural integration and integrated development.