种植年限对设施葡萄园养分投入与土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Planting Age on Nutrient Input and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Grape Vineyards

以20个不同种植年限的设施葡萄园为研究对象,采用跟踪调研与试验分析的方法,探究不同种植年限设施葡萄对养分投入与土壤理化性质的影响,以期改善设施葡萄园养分投入过量和土壤退化的问题。结果表明:1)设施葡萄园养分总投入量为N 1158.91~2221.80 kg·hm^(-2)、P2O5442.77~865.02 kg·hm^(-2)、K2O 830.05~1516.05 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥携带的各养分量分别占总量的71.5%、42.7%、57.3%。2)随种植年限增加,1~5年土壤表层容重较其他种植年限增加了22.83%~23.81%;土壤黏粒(<0.002 mm)含量呈现随着种植年限逐渐向下层淀积。3)>15年葡萄园在0~20 cm土层的pH比1~5年下降了0.49个单位,葡萄根系所在土层pH均随种植年限增加而降低。4)0~20 cm的土壤有机质含量随种植年限显著增加,>15年的含量较其他种植年限增加了21.03%~123.50%;76.19%占比达到了丰富及以上水平。1~5年的表层土壤硝态氮含量较其他种植年限增加了1.46%~147.37%;0~20 cm土层中的硝态氮有52.38%为缺乏水平,并出现向土壤深层淋移的现象。0~60 cm土层的有效磷和速效钾含量均随种植年限的增加而增加,且上层含量高于下层;丰富及以上水平占比分别为90.48%~100%和100%。综上所述,设施葡萄园不同种植年限土壤各养分投入量均超过葡萄需求量。随种植年限的增加,根系土层的pH显著下降;土壤有机质及磷、钾含量在表层显现出上升趋势,但深层变化不显著;土壤硝态氮存在淋失风险。

Taking 20 facility vineyards with different planting ages as the research object,the method of tracking investigation and experimental analysis was used to explore the influence of different planting ages of facility grapes on nutrient input and soil physicochemical properties,in order to improve the problem of excessive nutrient input and soil degradation in facility vineyards.The results showed that,1)the total nutrient input in the facility vineyard was N 1158.91-2221.80 kg·hm^(-2),P2O5442.77-865.02 kg·hm^(-2),and K2O 830.05-1516.05 kg·hm^(-2),with organic fertilizer carrying 71.5%,42.7%and 57.3%of the total nutrients,respectively.2)With the increase of planting period,the surface bulk density of the soil in the 1-5 years had increased by 22.83%-23.81%compared to other planting periods;the clay content(<0.002 mm)gradually accumulated in the lower layer with the increase of planting period.3)The soil pH in the 0-20 cm soil layer of grapes planted for more than 15 years decreased by 0.49 units compared with grapes planted for 1-5 years,and the soil pH in the root zone of grapes decreased with the increase of planting period.4)The organic matter content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased significantly with the planting period,and the content of grapes planted for more than 15 years increased by 21.03%-123.50%compared with other planting periods;the rich or higher level reached 76.19%.The nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.46%-147.37%compared with other planting periods in grapes planted for 1-5 years;52.38%of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer was lacking level,and it appeared to leach into the deep soil.The contents of available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium increased with the increase of planting period,and the upper layer was higher than the lower layer;the proportion of rich or above level was 90.48%-100.00%and 100.00%,respectively.In summary,the soil nutrients in the facility vineyard exceeded the grape demand with different planting periods.With the increase of planting period,the soil pH in the root zone significantly decreased;the organic matter and phosphorus and potassium content showed an increasing trend at the surface level,but the deep change was not significant;there was a risk of leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen in the soil.