忠君思想在战后日本教育中的重现与隐忧

The Reappearance and Hidden Worries of the Thought of Loyalty to the Monarch in Japanese Education after World War II

“忠”原本是儒家思想中君子的修身准则。自汉代始,中国历代王朝推崇忠君思想以确立臣民的恪守之道。5世纪,随着儒家思想东传日本,大和王权在创建古代天皇制的过程中吸收忠君思想。明治维新后,为构建绝对天皇制政权,日本政府颁布《教育敕语》,向国民灌输“忠君爱国”训规,要求国民为国献身,并将之与军国主义联系起来,鼓动国民支持侵略战争。“二战”后,《教育基本法》取代《教育敕语》成为日本教育领域的根本大法,废除了此前的“忠君爱国”教育。但近年来,日本右翼势力通过修订《教育基本法》、重新选用《教育敕语》为教材等行为,正欲逐步复兴“忠君爱国”思想,以颠覆《教育基本法》的根本精神,进而达到修改《日本国宪法》的目的。

Loyalty was originally the self-cultivation criterion of a gentleman in Confucianism.Since the Han Dynasty,Chinese dynasties respected the thought of loyalty to the monarch in order to establish the way to be scrupulously observed by their subjects.In the 5th century,as Confucianism spread eastward to Japan,the royal power of Daiwa absorbed the thought of loyalty to the monarch in the process of establishing the ancient emperor system.After the Meiji Restoration,in order to build an absolute Mikado regime,the Japanese government issued The Imperial Rescript on Education to instill the discipline of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism into the people,requiring the people to devote themselves to the country,connecting it with militarism,and encouraging the people to support the war of aggression.After World War II,The Basic Law for Education replaced The Imperial Rescript on Education and became the fundamental law in the field of education in Japan,abolishing the previous education of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism.However,in recent years,by revising The Basic Law for Education and reselecting The Imperial Rescript on Education as teaching materials,the Japanese right-wing forces are trying to gradually revive the thought of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism,so as to subvert the fundamental spirit of The Basic Law for Education and achieve the purpose of amending The Constitution of Japan.