安徽麝在湖北大别山国家级自然保护区的生境选择

The Habitat Selection of Anhui Musk Deer in the Dabie Mountains National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province

【目的】安徽麝(Moschus anhuiensis)是中国特有小型哺乳动物,其种群数量受人为活动干扰的影响持续降低,目前对其生境选择和利用规律认识亟待深入。本研究调查了安徽麝的生境选择,意图揭示其生境选择利用特征,以期为安徽麝物种保护、繁育及生态修复等提供参考。【方法】2022年7月—8月,在湖北大别山国家级自然保护区进行了安徽麝的生境选择野外调查,共记录了52个样地,测定了海拔、植被类型、坡度、坡向、坡位、郁闭度、乔木平均胸径、乔木平均树高、食物丰富度、灌木平均盖度、灌木平均高度、植被覆盖度、距道路距离及距水源距离14个生境变量,利用Vanderploeg选择系数、Scavia选择指数和随机森林分别分析安徽麝的生境选择偏好以及影响安徽麝生境选择的重要变量,同时比较安徽麝生境利用样地和未利用样地的各变量差异。【结果】1)安徽麝生境选择时除了对灌木平均高度、植被覆盖度、食物丰富度不具有显著差异之外,其余变量均具有显著差异。2)在安徽麝生境选择的影响因子中,重要性值最大的是海拔,郁闭度次之,坡向最小。3)安徽麝生境选择偏好于海拔600~1100 m、中上坡位、坡度≥36°、距离水源近、远离道路、阳坡、郁闭度≥0.8、灌木平均盖度≥15%、乔木平均高度≥20 m、乔木平均胸径≥15 cm的针阔混交林以及阔叶林。【结论】安徽麝偏好在相对海拔较高、郁闭度、灌木平均盖度、乔木平均树高、乔木平均胸径都较高、距离水源近且远离干扰的阳坡中上位的阔叶林及针阔混交林中栖息。

【Objective】The Anhui musk deer(Moschus anhuiensis)is a small mammal endemic to China.The population of this kind of deer has been continuously decreased due to human activities.There is an urgent need to understand the habitat selection and utilization patterns of deer.This study investigated the habitat selection of deer,aimed to reveal their habitat selection and utilization characteristics and provide information for the conservation,breeding,and ecological restoration.【Method】In July-August 2022,a study on the habitat selection of the Anhui musk deer was conducted at Dabie Mountains National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province.A total of 52 plots were selected and surveyed.Fourteen habitat variables were recoded,including elevation,vegetation type,slope gradient,slope aspect,slope position,canopy density,average DBH of trees,average height of trees,food richness,average shrub cover,average height of shrubs,vegetation coverage,distance from road and distance from water.The Vanderploeg selection coefficient,Scavia selection index and random forest were used to analyze the habitat selection preferences of deer and identify the key variables influencing habitat selection.Additionally,the study compared the differences in various variables between utilized and unutilized plots by the deer.【Result】1)Except for the average height of shrubs,vegetation coverage,and food richness,which showed no significant differences between plots,the remaining variables exhibited substantial differences in the habitat selection of deer.2)Among the factors influencing the habitat selection of deer,elevation has the highest importance value,followed by canopy density,while slope aspect has the smallest importance value.3)The habitat selection of deer prefers mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest with elevation range of 600~1100 m,in middle to upper slope position,slope gradient≥36°,proximity to water sources,distant from roads,sunny slope,high canopy density≥0.8,average shrub cover≥15%,average tree height≥20 m,and average tree DBH≥15 cm.【Conclusion】The preferred habitats of Anhui musk deer encompass mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest and broad-leaved forests,on sunny slopes in the middle to upper slope positions,characterized by relatively high elevations,high canopy density and average shrub cover,big average tree height and DBH.These habitats are located near water sources,and away from disturbances.